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5991-3162EN Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. - Technical Overview c20140811 [10]


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Keysight Technologies
Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders
From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the
Keysight PSG Signal Generators

Technical Overview




                     The Keysight Technologies, Inc. PSG-series signal generators
                     provide outstanding performance across a broad set of
                     characteristics, including output power, phase noise, spurious
                     and harmonic distortion, as well as flexible modulation for
                     frequencies up to 67 GHz. When paired with a new line of
                     frequency extenders from Virginia Diodes Inc. (VDI), many of
                     these capabilities are available up to 1.1 THz to meet the
                     requirements of both established and emerging millimeter
                     wave applications.
02 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview



       The E8257DVxx signal generator frequency extension modules expand the operating
       range of microwave signal generators up into the millimeter frequency range. They
       combine high output power and low phase noise with broad frequency coverage over
       full waveguide bands. Standard features include TTL-controlled on/off modulation up
       to approximately 1 kHz and voltage-controlled RF attenuation (UCA). The RF signal
       from the signal generator gets multiplied in the module to a much higher frequency
       and the resulting millimeter signal exits through the rectangular waveguide output.
       A single coaxial cable provides the connection between the signal generator and
       the E8257DVxx module.




       Figure 1. This E8257DV03 frequency extender covers the WR3.4 band from 220 to 330 GHz.




       The E8257DVxx modules provide two different RF inputs, depending on the
       frequency range of the signal generator. The standard RF input is designed for 20
       GHz signal generators (see Figure 2), while the high-frequency RF input is optimized
       for a 40 or 50 GHz signal generator, depending on the waveguide band. The high
       frequency input bypasses the first multiplication block (i.e. a doubler or tripler)
       resulting in a cleaner output spectrum.




                                                     A                                                    B
       Figure 2. The standard frequency [A] and high frequency [B] RF input modes are shown
       above. The coaxial jumper connection must be used when using standard frequency
       operation. With the jumper removed, only the high frequency RF input port is operational.
03 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview



       The effects of multiplication on modulated signals
       Multiplication works very well for both CW and pulsed signals. Note, however, that
       the pulse rise and fall times may be altered somewhat compared to the original
       microwave pulse. The millimeter pulse may sometimes have sharper rise/fall times
       than the original non-multiplied pulse, particularly if the original pulse had relatively
       slow rise/fall times.

       Millimeter source modules typically provide a fixed amount of output power, since
       the amplifiers operate in saturated mode. FM and phase modulation are impacted
       by the frequency extension modules in that the frequency or phase deviation will
       be multiplied along with the carrier frequency. Using a WR10 band (75 to 110 GHz)
       module with X6 multiplication in standard mode as an example, an FM modulated
       microwave signal with 10 MHz max deviation will be multiplied up to 60 MHz
       deviation at the waveguide output.

       Because millimeter frequency extension modules are inherently non-linear devices,
       they are not suitable for AM modulation or any type of digital modulation that
       involves amplitude changes, such as QAM, because of the severe clipping that
       affects signal amplitude.

       Through careful design, the unwanted harmonics of the input are typically
       suppressed by 20 dB or more compared to the desired output.




       Power supply requirements
       Each E8257DVxx frequency extension module requires an N5262VDI-175
       external power supply.




       Figure 3. The power supply is connected to the frequency extension module with the
       included DC power cable.
04 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview




                                                          WR1.0 Output Power
                         0

                        -10

                        -20
         Output (dBm)




                        -30

                        -40

                        -50

                        -60
                           750         800         850        900         950     1000         1050         1100

                                                            Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 4. Measured output power for the E8257DV01 (750 GHz to 1.1 THz) frequency
       extension module.




                                                          WR1.5 Output Power
                         0

                         -5

                        -10
        Output (dBm)




                        -15
                        -20

                        -25

                        -30

                        -35

                        -40
                           500   525         550    575     600     625     650   675    700          725   750

                                                            Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 5. Measured output power for the E8257DV1B (500 to 750 GHz) frequency
       extension module.
05 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview




                                                          WR2.2 Output Power
                       10

                        5

                        -0
        Output (dBm)




                        -5
                       -10

                       -15

                       -20

                       -25

                       -30
                          325     345         365         575       385     405          425         445    465   485

                                                                 Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 6. Measured output power for the E8257DV02 (325 to 500 GHz) frequency
       extension module.




                                                          WR3.4 Output Power
                       15

                       10

                        5
        Output (dBm)




                        0

                        -5

                       -10

                       -15
                          220   230     240         250    260      270   280      290         300    310   320   330

                                                                 Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 7. Measured output power for the E8257DV03 (220 to 330 GHz) frequency
       extension module.
06 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview




                                                                             WR5.1 Output Power
                        20

                        15

                        10
        Output (dBm)




                         5

                         0

                         -5

                        -10
                           140                       150         160          170     180         190          200         210         220

                                                                                Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 8. Measured output power for the E8257DV05 (140 to 220 GHz) frequency
       extension module.



                                                                             WR6.5 Output Power
                                             20

                                             15
                              Output (dBm)




                                             10

                                              5

                                              0

                                              -5

                                             -10
                                                   110      120               130      140         150           160             170
                                                                                Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 9. Measured output power for the E8257DV06 (110 to 170 GHz) frequency
       extension module.



                                                                             WR8.0 Output Power
                         20

                         15

                         10
         Output (dBm)




                          5

                          0

                         -5

                        -10
                               90                   95     100         105      110    115   120         125         130     135       140

                                                                                Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 10. Measured output power for the E8257DV08 (90 to 140 GHz) frequency
       extension module.
07 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview




                                                                             WR10 Output Power
                        20



                        15
         Output (dBm)




                        10



                         5



                         0
                              75                         80             85           90        95         100         105         110
                                                                                   Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 11. Measured output power for the E8257DV10 (75 to 110 GHz) frequency
       extension module.



                                                                             WR12 Output Power
                                               30

                                               25

                                               20
                             Output (dBm)




                                               15

                                               10

                                                5

                                                0
                                                    60        65              70          75         80          85          90
                                                                                   Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 12. Measured output power for the E8257DV12 (60 to 90 GHz) frequency
       extension module.



                                                                             WR15 Output Power
                                               30

                                               25

                                               20
                                Output (dBm)




                                               15

                                               10

                                                5

                                                0
                                                    50             55               60         65           70              75
                                                                                   Frequency (GHz)

       Figure 13. Measured output power for the E8257DV15 (50 to 75 GHz) frequency
       extension module.
08 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders From Virginia Diodes Inc. for the Keysight PSG Signal Generators - Technical Overview



       Table 1. Characteristics
          Waveguide         Frequency          RF input        Multiplication      RF input frequen-                          Output power (dBm)
            band           range (GHz)          mode             factors               cies (GHz)
                                                                                                                    Typical                        Minimum
                                              Standard               81                9.3 



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