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Keysight Technologies
Achieving Accurate E-band Power
Measurements with E8486A
Waveguide Power Sensors




                                  Application Note
Introduction

 The 60 to 90 GHz spectrum, or E-band, has been gaining more
 millimeter wave (mm-wave) application interest in the recent
 years. There are a few reasons for this. The E-band has no or
 little license governance for frequency bands of 60 GHz, and
 70 to 80 GHz. These spectrums have wider usable bandwidth
 and are hence able to handle super high speed communication
 transmissions. E-band products also require smaller antennas,
                                                                         Figure 1. Waveguide to coaxial adaptors
 making the overall product designs and packaging more
 interesting--as well as challenging. Among the applications
 for E-band are high-speed mobile backhaul, point-to-point radio
 communication, automotive radar for collision avoidance and car
 safety, and the 802.11ad or WiGig communication standard.

 In most cases, the E-band mm-wave devices or modules in the
 applications mentioned above have either a WR-12 waveguide
 or 1-mm coaxial connector, particularly on the output path of
 the transmitter or power amplifier. For high-power mm-wave
 applications, waveguides are commonly used since they provide
 better transmission with low loss and good shielding. When
 measuring the RF power from these devices using power meters
 and sensors, the connectors on the power sensors must be
 selected correctly in order to reduce the mismatch measurement
 uncertainty.

 For example, if a device under test (DUT) has a WR-12 connector
 test port, using a direct termination of WR-12 connector power
 sensor is preferred. However, frequently the measurement is
 obtained using a power sensor that has something other than
 a WR-12 connector (such as a WR-10 or WR-15 connector, or
 a 1-mm coaxial) and an adaptor or taper must be used. This
 configuration increases the mismatch measurement uncertainty
 (shown in Figure 1).

 Using mm-wave power measurement application examples, this
 paper illustrates the flexibility of using the Keysight Technologies,
 Inc. E8486A waveguide power sensor with a WR-12 test port to
 obtain more reliable and accurate measurements.
E-band mobile backhaul transceiver power measurement

With the increasing demand for ultra-high data rates for LTE Advanced and
other emerging wireless technologies, mobile backhaul has been moving into
the E-band spectrum in recent years. The point-to-point (P2P) communication
link in E-band handles the high data capacity requirement and has fewer
licensing restrictions. Figure 2 shows a P2P transceiver module which is
typically mounted on top of high rise buildings or antenna structures.
                                                                                                              Figure 2. P2P transceiver modules (photography
One of the transceiver module's key measurement parameters is the output                                      provided courtesy of Sub10)
power. The output power measurement can be directly measured using the
E8486A waveguide power sensor as shown in Figure 3. Near-perfect matching
of the WR-12 connection between the transmitter out test port and the power
sensor enables accurate power measurement. The maximum standing wave
ratio (SWR) of the E8486A is guaranteed not to exceed 1.08. The E8486A power
sensor also is compatible with all the Keysight RF power meters such as the
N1911/12/13/14A, E4416/17A, E4418/18B, and some legacy models. With a
wider dynamic range, E8486A with Option 200 goes down to 

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