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Contents
HP E1312A/E1412A User's Manual and SCPI Programming Guide
Edition 4
Warranty ....................................................................................................................... 9
Safety Symbols ........................................................................................................... 10
WARNINGS ............................................................................................................... 10
HP E1312A Declaration of Conformity ..................................................................... 11
HP E1412A Declaration of Conformity ..................................................................... 12
Reader Comment Sheet .............................................................................................. 13
Chapter 1
HP E1312A and HP E1412A Multimeter Module Setup ......................................... 15
Using This Chapter ..................................................................................................... 15
General Information ............................................................................................ 15
Setting the Module Address Switch............................................................................ 16
Interrupt Priority ......................................................................................................... 17
Setting the Line Frequency Reference........................................................................ 17
Checking the Line Frequency Reference ............................................................ 17
Multimeter Functional Connections .................................................................... 19
Initial Operation .......................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 2
HP E1312A/E1412A Multimeter Application Information ..................................... 25
Using This Chapter .................................................................................................... 25
Measurement Tutorial................................................................................................. 25
DC Voltage Measurements ......................................................................................... 25
Thermal EMF Errors ........................................................................................... 25
Loading Errors (dc volts) .................................................................................... 26
Leakage Current Errors ....................................................................................... 26
Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages ................................................................ 27
Common Mode Rejection (CMR) ....................................................................... 27
Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops ....................................................................... 28
Noise Caused by Ground Loops .......................................................................... 28
Resistance Measurements ........................................................................................... 29
4-Wire Ohms Measurements ............................................................................... 29
Removing Field Wiring Resistance Errors in 2-Wire Ohms Measurements ...... 30
Power Dissipation Effects ................................................................................... 31
Settling Time Effects ........................................................................................... 31
Errors in High Resistance Measurements ........................................................... 31
Making High-Speed DC and Resistance Measurements ..................................... 31
DC Current Measurement Errors ................................................................................ 32
True RMS AC Measurements..................................................................................... 32
Crest Factor Errors (non-sinusoidal inputs) ........................................................ 33
Loading Errors (ac volts) ..................................................................................... 34
AC Measurements Below Full Scale .................................................................. 34
Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction ..................................... 34
Low-Level Measurement Errors ......................................................................... 35
AC Turnover Errors ............................................................................................ 35
AC Current Measurement Errors ................................................................................ 36
Making High-Speed AC Voltage or Current Measurements...................................... 36
Contents 1
Chapter 2
HP E1312A/E1412A Multimeter Application Information (continued)
Frequency and Period Measurement Errors................................................................ 36
Measurement Configuration ....................................................................................... 37
AC Signal Filter .................................................................................................. 37
DC Input Resistance ............................................................................................ 37
Resolution ............................................................................................................ 38
Integration Time .................................................................................................. 39
Autozero .............................................................................................................. 40
Ranging ............................................................................................................... 40
Math Operations (CALCulate Subsystem) ................................................................. 41
AVERage Function ............................................................................................. 41
NULL (Relative) Function .................................................................................. 41
dB Measurements ................................................................................................ 42
dBm Measurements ............................................................................................. 43
LIMit Function .................................................................................................... 44
Triggering the Multimeter .......................................................................................... 45
The Trigger Source .............................................................................................. 46
External Triggering ............................................................................................. 47
Internal Triggering .............................................................................................. 47
Bus Triggering ..................................................................................................... 48
The Wait-for-Trigger State .................................................................................. 48
The Trigger Count ............................................................................................... 48
Checking the Trigger Count ................................................................................ 49
Inserting a Trigger Delay .................................................................................... 49
Default Delays ..................................................................................................... 50
Querying the Delay Time .................................................................................... 51
The Sample Count ............................................................................................... 51
Checking the Sample Count ................................................................................ 51
HP E1312A and HP E1412A Multimeter Application Examples .............................. 52
HP VTL Software (VISA) ................................................................................... 52
Example Programs .............................................................................................. 52
Making Multimeter Measurements ..................................................................... 53
Synchronizing the Multimeter With a Switch Module ....................................... 57
Multimeter Status System Examples ................................................................... 60
HP VEE Programming Example ......................................................................... 64
Chapter 3
Multimeter Command Reference ............................................................................... 67
Using This Chapter ..................................................................................................... 67
Command Types ......................................................................................................... 67
Common Command Format ................................................................................ 67
SCPI Command Format ...................................................................................... 67
Linking Commands ............................................................................................. 69
Multimeter Range and Resolution Tables .................................................................. 70
SCPI Command Reference ......................................................................................... 71
ABORt ........................................................................................................................ 72
2 Contents
Chapter 3
Multimeter Command Reference (continued)
CALCulate .................................................................................................................. 73
:AVERage:AVERage? ........................................................................................ 74
:AVERage:COUNt? ............................................................................................ 74
:AVERage:MAXimum? ...................................................................................... 74
:AVERage:MINimum? ....................................................................................... 74
:DB:REFerence ................................................................................................... 75
:DB:REFerence? .................................................................................................. 75
:DBM:REFerence ................................................................................................ 75
:DBM:REFerence? .............................................................................................. 75
:FUNCtion ........................................................................................................... 76
:FUNCtion? ......................................................................................................... 76
:LIMit:LOWer ..................................................................................................... 77
:LIMit:LOWer? ................................................................................................... 77
:LIMit:UPPer ....................................................................................................... 77
:LIMit:UPPer? ..................................................................................................... 77
:NULL:OFFSet .................................................................................................... 78
:NULL:OFFSet? .................................................................................................. 78
:STATe ................................................................................................................ 78
:STATe? .............................................................................................................. 78
CALibration ................................................................................................................ 79
:COUNt? .............................................................................................................. 79
:LFRequency ....................................................................................................... 79
:LFRequency? ..................................................................................................... 80
:SECure:CODE ................................................................................................... 80
:SECure:STATe .................................................................................................. 81
:SECure:STATe? ................................................................................................. 81
:STRing ............................................................................................................... 81
:STRing? .............................................................................................................. 82
:VALue ................................................................................................................ 82
:VALue? .............................................................................................................. 82
:ZERO:AUTO ..................................................................................................... 83
:ZERO:AUTO? ................................................................................................... 83
CALibration? .............................................................................................................. 84
CONFigure.................................................................................................................. 85
:CURRent:AC ..................................................................................................... 87
:CURRent[:DC] ................................................................................................... 88
:FREQuency ........................................................................................................ 89
:FRESistance ....................................................................................................... 90
:PERiod ............................................................................................................... 91
:RESistance ......................................................................................................... 92
:VOLTage:AC ..................................................................................................... 93
[:VOLTage[:DC]] ................................................................................................ 94
[:VOLTage[:DC]]:RATio ................................................................................... 95
CONFigure?................................................................................................................ 96
DATA ......................................................................................................................... 97
:POINts? .............................................................................................................. 97
Contents 3
Chapter 3
Multimeter Command Reference (continued)
FETCh? ....................................................................................................................... 98
INITiate....................................................................................................................... 99
[:IMMediate] ....................................................................................................... 99
INPut......................................................................................................................... 100
:IMPedance:AUTO ........................................................................................... 100
:IMPedance:AUTO? .......................................................................................... 100
MEASure .................................................................................................................. 101
:CURRent:AC? .................................................................................................. 102
:CURRent[:DC]? ............................................................................................... 103
:FREQuency? .................................................................................................... 104
:FRESistance? ................................................................................................... 105
:PERiod? ............................................................................................................ 106
:RESistance? ...................................................................................................... 107
:VOLTage:AC? ................................................................................................. 108
[:VOLTage[:DC]]? ............................................................................................ 109
[:VOLTage[:DC]]:RATio? ................................................................................ 110
OUTPut..................................................................................................................... 111
:TTLTrg[:STATe] ............................................................................................. 111
:TTLTrg[:STATe]? ........................................................................................... 112
READ?...................................................................................................................... 113
SAMPle..................................................................................................................... 114
:COUNt ............................................................................................................. 114
:COUNt? ............................................................................................................ 115
[SENSe:] ................................................................................................................... 116
FUNCtion .......................................................................................................... 118
FUNCtion? ........................................................................................................ 118
CURRent:AC:RANGe ...................................................................................... 119
CURRent:AC:RANGe? .................................................................................... 119
CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO .......................................................................... 120
CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO? ........................................................................ 120
CURRent:AC:RESolution ................................................................................. 121
CURRent:AC:RESolution? ............................................................................... 121
CURRent[:DC]:APERture ................................................................................ 122
CURRent[:DC]:APERture? .............................................................................. 122
CURRent[:DC]:NPLC ...................................................................................... 123
CURRent[:DC]:NPLC? ..................................................................................... 123
CURRent[:DC]:RANGe .................................................................................... 124
CURRent[:DC]:RANGe? .................................................................................. 124
CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO ....................................................................... 125
CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO? ...................................................................... 125
CURRent[:DC]:RESolution .............................................................................. 126
CURRent[:DC]:RESolution? ............................................................................ 126
DETector:BANDwidth ...................................................................................... 127
DETector:BANDwidth? .................................................................................... 128
FREQuency:APERture ...................................................................................... 128
FREQuency:APERture? .................................................................................... 128
4 Contents
Chapter 3
Multimeter Command Reference (continued)
[SENSe:] (continued)
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe ........................................................................ 129
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe? ...................................................................... 129
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ........................................................... 130
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? .......................................................... 130
FRESistance:APERture ..................................................................................... 131
FRESistance:APERture? ................................................................................... 131
FRESistance:NPLC ........................................................................................... 132
FRESistance:NPLC? ......................................................................................... 132
FRESistance:RANGe ........................................................................................ 133
FRESistance:RANGe? ...................................................................................... 133
FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................ 134
FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO? .......................................................................... 134
FRESistance:RESolution .................................................................................. 135
FRESistance:RESolution? ................................................................................. 135
PERiod:APERture ............................................................................................. 136
PERiod:APERture? ........................................................................................... 136
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe ............................................................................... 137
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe? ............................................................................. 137
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ................................................................... 138
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? ................................................................. 138
RESistance:APERture ....................................................................................... 139
RESistance:APERture? ..................................................................................... 139
RESistance:NPLC ............................................................................................. 140
RESistance:NPLC? ........................................................................................... 140
RESistance:RANGe .......................................................................................... 141
RESistance:RANGe? ........................................................................................ 141
RESistance:RANGe:AUTO .............................................................................. 142
RESistance:RANGe:AUTO? ............................................................................ 142
RESistance:RESolution ..................................................................................... 143
RESistance:RESolution? ................................................................................... 143
VOLTage:AC:RANGe ...................................................................................... 144
VOLTage:AC:RANGe? .................................................................................... 144
VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO .......................................................................... 145
VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO? ........................................................................ 145
VOLTage:AC:RESolution ................................................................................ 146
VOLTage:AC:RESolution? .............................................................................. 146
VOLTage[:DC]:APERture ................................................................................ 147
VOLTage[:DC]:APERture? .............................................................................. 147
VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC ...................................................................................... 148
VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC? .................................................................................... 148
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe ................................................................................... 149
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? ................................................................................. 149
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO ....................................................................... 150
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO? ..................................................................... 150
VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution .............................................................................. 151
Contents 5
Chapter 3
Multimeter Command Reference (continued)
[SENSe:] (continued)
VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution? ............................................................................ 151
ZERO:AUTO .................................................................................................... 152
ZERO:AUTO? .................................................................................................. 152
STATus ..................................................................................................................... 153
:PRESet ............................................................................................................. 153
:QUEStionable:CONDition? ............................................................................. 153
:QUEStionable:ENABle .................................................................................... 153
:QUEStionable:ENABle? .................................................................................. 154
:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? ................................................................................. 154
SYSTem.................................................................................................................... 155
:ERRor? ............................................................................................................. 155
:VERSion? ......................................................................................................... 155
TRIGger .................................................................................................................... 156
:COUNt ............................................................................................................. 156
:COUNt? ............................................................................................................ 157
:DELay .............................................................................................................. 157
:DELay? ............................................................................................................ 158
:DELay:AUTO .................................................................................................. 158
:DELay:AUTO? ................................................................................................ 159
:SOURce ............................................................................................................ 160
:SOURce? .......................................................................................................... 161
IEEE 488.2 Common Command Quick Reference .................................................. 162
*CLS .................................................................................................................. 163
*ESE and *ESE? ............................................................................................... 163
*ESR? ................................................................................................................ 164
*IDN? ................................................................................................................ 164
*OPC ................................................................................................................. 164
*OPC? ............................................................................................................... 165
*RST .................................................................................................................. 165
*SRE and *SRE? ............................................................................................... 165
*STB? ................................................................................................................ 166
*TST? ................................................................................................................ 166
*WAI ................................................................................................................. 166
SCPI Command Quick Reference ............................................................................ 167
Appendix A
HP E1312A and HP E1412A Multimeter Specifications ........................................ 171
DC Characteristics .................................................................................................... 171
AC Characteristics .................................................................................................... 174
Frequency and Period Characteristics....................................................................... 177
General Specifications .............................................................................................. 179
To Calculate Total Measurement Error .................................................................... 180
Interpreting Multimeter Specifications ..................................................................... 182
Configuring for High Accuracy Measurements........................................................ 184
6 Contents
Appendix B
HP E1312A and HP E1412A Multimeter Error Messages .................................... 185
Execution Errors ....................................................................................................... 185
Self-Test Errors ................................................................................................. 189
Calibration Errors .............................................................................................. 190
Appendix C
Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade-offs ....................................................... 193
HP E1312A/E1412A Special Function and Range Commands (Non-SCPI ) .......... 193
Speed Advantage Using the Special Non-SCPI Commands
(F1-F4 and R1-R7) ...................................................................................... 194
HP E1312A/E1412A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges................... 195
Resolution Example .......................................................................................... 195
General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed........................................... 196
Avoid Function Changes ................................................................................... 196
Avoid Aperture Changes ................................................................................... 196
Minimize the Number of Command/Response Sessions .................................. 196
Set Autozero to ONCE or OFF ......................................................................... 197
Turn Autorange OFF ......................................................................................... 197
Decrease Aperture Time or NPLCs .................................................................. 197
Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending them Directly
to the Computer ........................................................................................... 198
Index .............................................................................................................................. 199
Contents 7
Notes:
8 Contents
Certification
Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-
Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by that organization's calibration facility, and to the
calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
HEWLETT-PACKARD WARRANTY STATEMENT
HP PRODUCT: HP E1312A/E1412A DURATION OF WARRANTY: 3 years
1. HP warrants HP hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If
HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be
defective. Replacement products may be either new or like-new.
2. HP warrants that HP software will not fail to execute its programming instructions, for the period specified above, due to defects in
material and workmanship when properly installed and used. If HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will
replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects.
3. HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be interrupted or error free. If HP is unable, within a reasonable time, to
repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted, customer will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon pro mpt return
of the product.
4. HP products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use.
5. The warranty period begins on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by HP. If customer schedules or delays HP
installation more than 30 days after delivery, warranty begins on the 31st day from delivery.
6. Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts
or supplies not supplied by HP, (c) unauthorized modification or misuse, (d) operation outside of the published environmental
specifications for the product, or (e) improper site preparation or maintenance.
7. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER
WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND HP SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
8. HP will be liable for damage to tangible property per incident up to the greater of $300,000 or the actual amount paid for t he product
that is the subject of the claim, and for damages for bodily injury or death, to the extent that all such damages are determined by a court
of competent jurisdiction to have been directly caused by a defective HP product.
9. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER'S
SOLE AND EXLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL HP OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE
LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR
DATA), OR OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.
FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: THE WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS
STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE
IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.
U.S. Government Restricted Rights
The Software and Documentation have been developed entirely at private expense. They are delivered and licensed as "commercial
computer software" as defined in DFARS 252.227- 7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252.211-7015 (May 1991) or DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun
1995), as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a), or as "Restricted computer software" as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (Jun
1987)(or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause), whichever is applicable. You have only those rights provided for such
Software and Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the HP standard software agreement for the product involved.
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