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Agilent
PNA Microwave Network Analyzers
Application Note 1408-12
Pulsed-RF S-Parameter Measurements Using
Wideband and Narrowband Detection
Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Pulsed-RF measurement types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Average and point-in-pulse pulse measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Pulse profile measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Pulse-to-pulse measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Pulsed-RF Detection Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Overview of wideband detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Overview of narrowband detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Comparing the two techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
In-depth view of wideband detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
In-depth view of narrowband detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Using spectral nulling for wider IF bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Typical setup for forward pulsed-RF amplifier measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Pulling it all together with Option H08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
More Configuration Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Hardware setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Reference signal choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Pulse test sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Pulse generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
IF gain setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Reference loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Measuring frequency converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Using power sweeps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
S-parameter measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Source power calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Comparing the PNA and 8510 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Web Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
2
Introduction Vector network analyzers are the primary tool for accurate characterization of RF and
microwave components, providing precision measurements of both magnitude and phase
responses. For many devices, a continuous-wave (CW) stimulus/response configuration
is sufficient.
However, many RF and microwave amplifiers used in commercial and aerospace/defense
applications require testing using a pulsed-RF stimulus. This application note focuses on
new pulsed-RF S-parameter measurement techniques and capability provided by
Agilent's PNA Series of microwave vector network analyzers. This application note
discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the two detection techniques commonly
used (wideband and narrowband detection), and compares and contrasts the PNA series
network analyzers (including the PNA-L) with the former industry standard for pulsed
S-parameter measurements, the 85108A pulsed RF-network analyzer system.
Figure 1 shows an example of a modern microwave system ◦ Jabse Service Manual Search 2024 ◦ Jabse Pravopis ◦ onTap.bg ◦ Other service manual resources online : Fixya ◦ eServiceinfo