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HP-Catalog-1955


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                                                          CATALOG 22-A 1955




HEWLETT- PACKARD COMPANY   275 PAGE MILL ROAD, PAL0 ALTO, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.
                                                Oscillators-.008              cps to 10 MC
I   Instrument   I                   Primary Uses                    I    Frequency Range                I   output             I   Price       I   Paae     I




    Instrument              Primary Uses             Frequency Range               Voltage Range             Input Impedance          Price         Page

    -hp- 400AB
                         General purpose ac                                             0.003 to 300 v
                             measurements             I O cps to 600 KC                    I I ranges          10 fifif shunt
                                                                                                               25 megohms             s200.00        36

    -hp- 400D        Wide range ac measurements                                         0.001 to 300 v         I O megohms
                            High sensitivity           IO cps to 4   MC                    12 ranges           15 fifif shunt         225.00        32, 33

    -hp- 410B        Audio, rf, VHF maarurementr;
                        dc voltages: resistances      20 cps to 700 M C
                                                                                         0.1 to 300 v
                                                                                           7 ranges
                                                                                                               I O megohms
                                                                                                               1.5 @pfshunt            245.00       34, 35

                                                                                                                                                                 f


                                       Frequency Measuring, Monitoring Equipment




                                                                     Channels 2 to 83
@              INDEX BY INSTRUMENT TYPE AND F U N C T I O N                                                                                                  @
   Instrument                    Frequency Range                                               Characterlrticr                                 Price        Page
                                                                                  Output 0.1 b v to I v into 50 ohm load.
  -hp- bO8C                          I O to 480 M C                                      Pulse or C W modulation                              $ 950.00      66, 67
                                                                                            Direct calibration.
                                                                                    Output 0.1 p v to 0.5 v. Incidental                        1,050.00     66,67
  -hp- 608D                          IO to 420 MC                                         FM 0.002 entira ranqe.
                                                                                 Output 0.1 pv to 0.5 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp- 612A                       450 to 1,200 M C                              Pulse, C W or square wave modulation.                         1,200.00     68,69
                                                                                            Direct calibration.
                                                                                Output 0.1 pv to 0.223 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp- 614A                       800 to 2,100 M C                                   Pulse, C W or FM modulation.                             1,950.00     70, 71
                                                                                            Direct calibration.
                                                                                Output 0.1 p v to 0.223 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp- 616A                      1,800 to 4,000 M C                                  Pulse, C W or FM modulation.                             1,950.00     70,71
                                                                                            Direct calibration.
                                                                                Output 0.1 pv to 0.223 v into 52 ohm load.
   -hp- 6188                      3,800to 7,600M C                             Pulse, CW, FM or square wave modulation.                        2,250.00     72, 73
                                                                                            Direct callbratian.
                                                                                Output 0.1 pv to 0.071 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp- 620A                      7,000 to I 1,000 M C                             Pulse FM or square wave modulation.                         2,250.00     72, 73
                                                                              Separate dower meter and wave meter section.
                                                                                Output 70 pv to 0.223 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp- 6238                      5,925 to 7,725 M C                                 FM or square wave modulation.                             1,750.00     74,75
                                                                              Separate power meter and wave meter section.
                                                                                Output 3.0 pv to 0.223 v into 50 ohm load.
   -hp. 624C                      8,500 to 10,000 M C                             Pulse, FM or square wave modulatlon.                         2,265.00A    74, 7 5
                                                                              Separate power meter and wave meter section.



                                                                                           Automatic, adjustable sweep,
   -hp- 670HM                        7 to I O KMC                                     full "H" band coverage, high output,                       850.00     76t77
                                                                                               varied modulatlon.                             with motor



                                                         Square Wave and Pulse Generators
     Instrument                   Primary Uses                    Frequency Range                             Characterlstics                  Price        Page

   -hp- 21 I A               Square wave generator                   I cps to I M C                    Output 7 5 v across 75 ohms or
                                                                                                                 .                             $265.00        24
                                                                                                             60 v across 600 ohms
   -hp- 212A                     Pulse generator                       -
                                                                     50 5,000 PPS.
                                                                   .02 psec rise time
                                                                                                     Pulse length 0.07 to IO p c c , output
                                                                                                             50 v to 50 ohm load                565.0015.   22, 23




*f.o.b. Palo Alto, Calif. Quantity discount quotations available from the factory.
                                              Distortion, Wave Form Analyzers-20                                     cps to 20 KC
          Instrument                      Primary Uses                        Frequency Range                             Characteristics                 Price       Page

         -hp- 300A                     Wave form analyzer                          30 cps to 16 KC                     Variable selectivity;
                                                                                                                    measuring range I mv to 500 v        $625.00      2427

         -hp- 3308                     Measures total audio                        20 cps to 20 KC
                                            distortion                                                             Includes input amplifier, VTVM         4IO.OOA     28, 29
         -hp- 330C                      For FM broadcast                           20 cps to 20   KC                 Special VU meter t o meet
                                          measurements                                                                 F.C.C. requirements                4 OO A
                                                                                                                                                           4.O         29

         -hp-   330D                  For AM, FM broadcast                     20 cps to 20       KC
                                          measurements                                                             AM detector and VU meter to
                                                                                                                    meet F.C.C. requirements              455.00A      29




     t For use with bolometer or crystal t For use with bolometer only 'Complete assembly including carriage f             Mounts in 8098 carriage-See   next page.


                                  Microwave T e d Inskumen+s                           -for coaxial and waveauide svs+ems




     A   Rack mounted instrument available for $15.00 less.                                Copyright 1955 Hewlett-Packard CO.-Printed        in U.SA.-3100    - 2.55 -50M
         Rack mounted instrument available for $25.00 less.
                                                                                                       Registered Trademark of the Hewlett-Packard Company.
     Data subject t o change w i t h o u t notice. Prices f.0.b. f a c t o r y .



I.
               ELECTRONIC

                               @    ASU    NG      STRUMENTS




Where to find the -hp- instruments
    you need in this catalog

   By instrument type or function:
     All -hp- instruments shown in this catalog are indexed by type or function
     on the tables beginning on page at left. (Example-`"Vacuum T u b e
     Voltmeters." )

   By instrument name or title:
     All -hp- instruments shown in this catalog are indexed by name or title
     at the back of the catalog. (Examples-"Amplifier" ;"Audio Oscillator.")

   By instrument model number:
     -hp- instruments are also listed numerically (by model number) at the back
     of this catalog. (Example--"-hp- 410B Vacuum T u b e Voltmeter.")

   Ordering Information:
      Essential ordering information, terms and shipping and repair data are
      listed on the following page.

   Prices:
      Prices of major -hp- instruments are listed in tables beginning on the page
      to the left. Prices of certain small components and accessories are listed
      on pages where such equipment is catalogued.

   Warranty:
      All -hp- instruments are warranted free from defects in materials and
      workmanship. For details see page 119.

                                -
   List of -hp- engineer salesmen:
      -hp- engineer-salesmen are located in most major manufacturing centers
      in the United States and Canada. T h e y are listed on the back cover of
      this catalog. In addition, Hewlett-Packard is represented in many coun-
      tries overseas. Names and addresses of representatives supplied on request.
                               ELECTRONIC

                                               @    ASU   NG      STRUMENTS




                     Suggestions for Ordering

                                  .
Order by Model Number . , Always order by                 Sales Representatives . . . Sales representatives
catalog model number and name of instrument de-           are maintained in principal cities as a service to our
sired. For example, "Model 400D Vacuum T u b e            customers. Customers are invited to contact the near-
Voltmeter." Whenever possible mention frequency           est representatives a t any time. T h e y will gladly
range or other significant specifications to prevent      supply technical information, help prepare your
misunderstanding. Also mention features such as           order and, if desired, forward order to the factory.
special color, frequency range, non-standard power        Orders should be made out to the Hewlett-Packard
line voltage, etc., and whether cabinet or rack mount-    Company and are subject to final acceptance by the
ing style is desired.                                     Company in Palo Alto. Sales representatives and
                                                          their addresses are shown on the back cover.
   Most Hewlett-Packard instruments are available
in either cabinet or rack mounting. T h e letter "R"
after the model number indicates rack mounting. For                 .
                                                          Repairs . . W h e n returning instruments for re-
example, "400DR." An additional charge is made for        pairs, recalibration, or any other reason, please con-
most rack mounting style instruments.                     tact the Hewlett-Packard Company for shipping in-
                                                          structions. Give model number, type number, and
  Orders should be sent direct to the factory and         serial number and as much information as possible
addressed to Hewlett-Packard Company, 275 Page            concerning reason for return.
Mill Road, Palo Alto, California. All orders are
subject to final acceptance by the Hewlett-Packard           Repairs are made by the Hewlett-Packard Com-
Company.                                                  pany at cost of labor and materials plus a small serv-
                                                          ice charge. Customers are invited to make full use
                                                          of this service to insure maximum benefit from their
Shipments    ...  Unless specifically requested other-    instruments. I n most cases instrument repairs can be
wise, shipments are made by express or by truck,          made locally at field repair stations maintained by
whichever is cheaper and more serviceable to the cus-     our representatives in Boston, Chicago, Dallas, De-
tomer. Small items will be forwarded by parcel post.      troit, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, Syra-
W e do not recommend rail freight shipment. For           cuse and Washington, D. C.
expedited service, we will gladly ship by air freight,
air express (more expensive), or air parcel post upon
                                                          Repair Parts . . . W h e n ordering repair parts
request.
                                                          please describe carefully parts required. Give model
                                                          number, type number, serial number of the instru-
Terms , . . 30 days net. Unless credit has already        ment and date of original purchase. Identify parts of
been established, shipments will be made c.0.d. All       the wiring diagram if possible, giving date shown
prices are quoted f.0.b. Palo Alto.                       on the circuit wiring diagram.
                          I




                          I T h e Hewlett-Packard Company was founded
in 1939 in Palo Alto, California. Here, in a suburban community
30 miles south of San Francisco, next door to Stanford University,
Hewlett-Packard is squarely in the heart of the important northern
California electronics center.
     T h e first H e w l e t t - P a c k a r d p r o d u c t was a new k i n d of in-
strument - a resistance capacity audio oscillator. Hewlett-Packard
pioneered the resistance capacity circuit which is now an accepted
standard for test oscillator design.
     D u r i n g the past decade and a half, the Company has steadily
broadened the instrument line, and now over 250 basic test instru-
ments are manufactured. Among the more important types are audio
oscillators, vacuum tube voltmeters, noise and distortion analyzers,
signal generators, p o w e r meters, broadcast monitors, electronic
counters, and a complete coverage array of waveguide and coaxial
instrumentation for microwave work. T h e Company now occupies
a modern and well-equipped plant in south Palo Alto, situated on
an 8 - acre site and including 140,000 square feet of laboratory,
manufacturing and office space. Over 700 men and women are now
regularly employed, and approximately 100 field representatives
sell and service - h p - instruments in the United States, Canada and
overseas.
     Behind every - h p - instrument is a basic philosophy governing
equipment design, manufacture, sales and service. T h i s philosophy
specifies that there shall be built into each - h p - instrument the
greatest possible usefulness, accuracy, convenience, dependability
and dollar value.
     Consistently, Hewlett-Packard has gone to lengths to insure
that these standards are met. Every effort has been made to assemble
the best engineering staff possible. T h e Company has sought not
only men of skill and experience, but men with vision and daring
 and a desire to better the best.




                    Ultra-modern design features new 44,000 square foot administra-
                    tion and laboratorv building at Hewlett-Packard's Palo Alto olant.
                    Like other -hp- piant buildings, new structure is sound a n i light
                    engineered and air conditioned. I t contains one of the most modern
                    and complete instrument development laboratories in the world.


                                                                                     1
                                          Another cornerstone of the -hp- philosophy is insistence on the
                                      most up-to-date manufacturing methods. T h i s means not only mod-
                                      ern techniques, but modern machinery. Hewlett-Packard's manu-
                                      facturing departments are equipped with the newest and finest
                                      machinery obtainable for the job. Typical of this equipment is a




                                      specialized turret press which punches many sizes of perforations
                                      on instrument chassis with a single set-up. Other examples include
                                      a heavy duty die casting machine for fast production of dial drive
                                      housings and other stationary parts, a fully-equipped machine shop
                                      for manufacture of precision mechanical parts, and a complete
                                      plastic molding department to fabricate special components which
                                      are either unobtainable elsewhere, or can be made more quickly
                                      and economically at -hp-.
                                           I n addition to the different types of commercial machinery, a
                                      number of special devices developed by -hp- engineers are in daily
                                      use. Some of these were developed to meet unusual manufacturing
                                      problems ; others were "imagineered" to make some special part
                                      better, faster, or at lower cost. T h e y include such ingeniously simple
                                      units as the Lazy Susans, turntables mounting many resistor boards
                                      in a convenient position f o r assembly. And they include develop-
                                      ments which are precision machines in their own right, such as
                                      the Kingman machine which stamps out terminal boards in gross
                                      quanti ties.




T h e new -hp- laboratory provides engineers   T h e ingenuity of -hp- engineers has produced   T h e -hp- plant is equipped with the mosi
with the most ideal working conditions pos-    many devices to speed and simplify manufac-      modern manufacturing machinery avail.
sible. Note semi-private work benches, gen-    turing, produce better instruments at less       able for the job. Here is a heavy duty dic
erous aisle space, large number of power       cost. T h i s precision lathe for winding re-    casting machine for prpduction of h o w
outlets and individual power controls.         sistors handles wire as fine as No. 42.          ings, shields, dials and other cast parts.



   2
               T h e Hewlett-Packard production policy is also somewhat dift-
         erent from that employed elsewhere. Instruments are manufactured
         in 11 runs," and actual fabrication is preceded by careful planning
         to insure that all parts are available and supplied as needed to keep
         the runs progressing smoothly. As many as ten runs are normally


                                                                                                           A t Palo Alto, home of Stanford Uni-
                                                                                                           versity, -hp- is located in the heart of
                                                                                                           the nation's new electronics center on
                                                                                                           the San Francisco Peninsula. T h e
                                                                                                           -hp- plant may be reached by South-
                                                                                                           ern Pacific commuter train ( t o South
                                                                                                           P a l o A l t o s t a t i o n ) , by Greyhound
                                                                                                           bus, or auto on U. S. 101. San Fran-
                                                                                                           cisco's International Airport is just
                                                                                                           30 minutes drive.



          in progress simultaneously, yet production schedules are kept
          flexible to permit meeting special orders or unusual delivery
          requirements involving substantial numbers of instruments.
               I n sales and service, Hewlett-Packard makes a particular effort
          to provide customers with every assistance that will make the use
          of -hp- instruments more efficient and productive. Factory-trained
          field engineering representatives provide prompt, on-the- job con-
          sultation as well as operating and repair information. These men
          are constantly supplied with the latest in technical data and meas-
          urement technique, and are in almost daily contact with the plant
          at Palo Alto. F o r one week of each year, the entire sales organi-
          zation meets at Palo Alto for an extensive new - information and
          retraining seminar which includes not only theory but actual "field
          problem" measuring with - h p - instruments and allied equipment.
          O n many additional occasions, - h p - representatives return to the
          plant for special training or instruction on new instruments and
          measuring methods.




Another unit typical of the modern ma-           T h e Kingman Machine, above, is another         I n electronics, special or unusual parts are
chinery in daily use at -hp- is this turret      device born and built at -hp- to make possible   often hard to find, or prohibitive in cost. T o
press, a precision e q u i p m e n t w h i c h   faster manufacturing at lower cost. Named        avoid this roadblock to progress, -hp- has its
punches many sizes of perforations on            for the -hp- engineer who "imagineered" it,      own plastics and molding shop, which turns
instrument chassis with a single setup.          it mass-produces terminal boards.                out knobs, escutcheons, Nylon gears, etc.



                                                                                                                                                3
                                                           A n equally significant part of      the annual instruction given - h p -
                                                    engineer representatives involves           field servicing - h p - equipment.
                                                    T h i s is an important function of          the modern - h p - service policy
                                                    described on a preceding page of             this catalog.




Old and neus. Pictured at right are
two - h p audio oscillators-the ver!.
tirst i n s t r u m e n t ( l e i t ) a n d t h e
brand-ne\\ 1Iodel 200AB oscilla-
tor. T h e -hp- line no\\ includes 11
dcscendants oi the original oscil-
lator which was the first low cost
oscillator employing the resistance
capacity circuit.


                                                         I n addition to rigid standards of instrument quality, the best
                                                    engineering and manufacturing possible, and thorough field engi-
                                                    neering service, there is one more aspect of Hewlett-Packard which
                                                    deserves mention here.
                                                          T h r o u g h the years, there has come into being a definite atti-
                                                    tude on the part of - h p - people toward the development, manufac-
                                                    ture and service of - h p - instruments. T h i s attitude is best described
                                                    as a genuine and pervasive team spirit, a spirit of cooperation
                                                    coupled with a common desire to excel. - h p - people are proud of
                                                    the quality and the utility of the instruments they design, make and
                                                    sell. This spirit translates itself continuously into better engineering,
                                                    better manufacturing, and better service.
                                                         T h e net result to you is good instruments - the best possible,
                                                    with broadest applicability and the lowest price consistent with
                                                    quality. Dependable instruments that are not only the best dollar
                                                    value when purchased, but the best investment for the future. - h p -
                                                    instruments - the standard of the electronic test equipment field.




                                                    Frequently, members of the world-wide -hp- field organization return to Palo Alto t o
                                                    learn the newest developments in instruments and the latest in measuring technique. I n
                                                    addition, all return again to the -hp- plant for a week-long annual seminar devoted t o
                                                    the operation and application of -hp- instruments.


    4
0
         SCILLATORS   are among the           signed to operate over wide frequency          cps and over 1 MC. T h e low frequency
          most basic and useful of all        ranges and to provide generous output          limit is set by the ballast element.
          electrical a n d electronic         voltages. Others are designed for par-         T h e thermal time-constant of the lamp
measuring instruments. T h e y provide        ticular applications.                           (ballast element) is such that at lower
a convenient source of power or test             T h e circuit of the -hp- R C oscillator    frequencies, lamp resistance tends to
voltages for almost all measurements,         is shown in Figure 1. I t is fundamen-         change in accordance with the varia-
including frequency, gain, impedance,         tally a two-stage amplifier having both        tions in amplitude of the individual
distortion, etc.                              negative and positive feedback loops.          cycles of operation. This results in se-
   There are three primary types of           T h e positive loop, which includes the        vere distortion of the output wave-
oscillators. These may be defined as          frequency - selective network, causes          form. Therefore it is necessary to (1 )
( 1 ) Beat-Frequency, ( 2 ) Coil Con-         the circuit to oscillate. T h e resonant       use a ballast element having relatively
denser or LC and ( 3 ) Resistance Ca-         frequency is given by the expression           greater thermal inertia, or ( 2 ) oper-
pacity or RC oscillators.                                                                    ate the lamp at a point where radia-
                                              f --        T h i s expression shows           tion from the lamp is low.
                                               "-2 li RC.
   Throughout the years, the RC os-           that the frequency or tuning span can
cillator has become recognized as the         be made as wide as the capacity varia-           High Frequency Oscillators
most versatile, practical, dependable         tion in a tuning capacitor. T h u s 1O:l         T h e high frequency limit of the
and easiest to use of all oscillator          frequency variations in a single sweep         RC oscillator is determined by the
types. Hewlett-Packard pioneered and          are easily obtained, and a number of           plate loading on the second tube of
developed the RC oscillator, and is
today the leader and largest manufac-
turer of this superior type of instru-
ment. -he- R C oscillators are highly
                                                                  -- 1
stable, have wide frequency range and                        -                I                                      w
provide o p e r a t i n g flexibility which                  71
                                                              4               I                                      OUT   'PUT
makes them useful for many different
kinds of measurements. T h e y are ex-
                                                              --
                                                              *   -       I       ---
                                                                      I
tremely simple to operate and require
no tedious re-setting or adjustment                    R2         742
d u r i n g operation. T h e y a r e light-
weight, easily portable, and compact
                                                              -                         RK


in size to occupy a minimum of bench
space. Dependability of operation is
assured by clean, simple circuitry and
painstaking construction from quality
components.
                                              bands can be used by changing the              the oscillator. T h e impedances of the
   T h e s e many advantages may be           pairs of resistances. T h e negative loop      positive and negative feedback loops
compared with the low stability, con-         employs a non-linear ballast resistance        are in parallel and the combination is
stant need for adjustment, narrow             R, (usually a lamp), which automat-            in parallel with the plate feed resistor
frequency range, inflexibility. large         ically adjusts its resistance to compen-       for the tube. At high frequencies, the
size and considerable weight of other         sate for variations in output amplitude.       combination impedance becomes low
oscillator types.                             T h i s results in very flat frequency re-     and reactive, thereby reducing the
  T h e -he- series of oscillators in-        sponse and low distortion over the en-         gain of the circuit and introducing
cludes 13 separate instruments which          tire range. I t , also, reduces distortion     phase shift. As a result, the distortion
are essentially resistance-capacity os-       and limits amplitude of oscillations,          increases and the errors in calibration
cillators. Collectively, they operate         insuring a constant and stable output          become severe. T o cut down the plate
                                              over the entire range (Figure 2).              loading effect, the combination imped-
from 0.01 cps to 10 MC, covering the
audio, sub-sonic, ultra-sonic and low            Low Frequency Oscillators                   ance is made as high as possible. This
rf regions. A number of these instru-            -kp- RC oscillators have been de-           is achieved partially by reducing the
ments are general-purpose types de-           signed to generate frequencies below l         capacity of the tuning condenser, and


                                                                                                                                    5
r




    partially by raising the gain of the                     of the transfer characteristics of the
    second stage (through use of tubes                       tubes. By a suitable selection of tubes,
    with higher transcond iictance values).                  distortion in -hp- oscillators is approxi-                   AUDIO   OSCILLATOR


    At higher freqwricies the reduction                      mately     %. T h e very low distortion
    of gain and negative feedback makes                      obtained is primarily third harmonic.                        Figure 4. Voltage Divider Circuit.
    the oscillator more susceptible to drifts                 (Second harmonic distortion is mini-
    or variations caused by tube aging and                   mized by adjusting the dc voltages on                      tory for most applications. Other val-
    supply voltage changes. As a result it                   the tube electrodes so that second har-                    ues of resistance may be used to ob-
    is common practice to operate the cir-                   monic distortion generated by one                          tain different voltage divisions but in
    cuit from a regulated power supply.                      tube of the oscillator is partially can-                   all cases the sum of the divider resist-
       Most -hp- oscillators use an output                   celled by the other tube's transfer                        ance must equal the rated load in com-
    amplifier whose main function is to                      characteristics.) For applications rc-                     bination with the input impedance of
    isolate the oscillating circuit from the                 quiring very low distortion, a selective                   the equipment under test.
    "work" circuit. T h u s , change in the                  amplifier following the oscillator can
    work circuit does not reflect back to                                                                                                      Accuracy
                                                             be used.
    the oscillator and alter its amplitude,                                                                                "Overall accuracy'' as applied to a
                                                                                         Hum
    frequency or distortion characteristics.                                                                            variable-frequency oscillator is a gen-
    However, a unique arrangement is                             H u m is defined as alternating cur-                   eral term including factors such as
    used in the -hp- 200CD Wide Range                         rents appearing in the output of an                       inherent circuit stability, mxhanical
    Oscillator where the output is taken                      oscillator as n result of power-fre-                      stability, resettability of the tuning
    from push-pull cathode followers di-                      quency voltages, currents and fields.                     system, readability of the tuning dial.
    rectly to the output transformer. T h e                   Causes of hum are stray electrostatic                     dial calibration, component aging,
    cathode followers offer a very low im-                    and magnetic fields, alternating cur-                     power supply variations and tempera-
    pedance source to the load and thus                       rent in tube filaments or heaters, and
                                                                                                                        ture changes. Some of these factors
    provide effective isolation of the oscil-                 discrepancies in filtering of power
                                                                                                                        affect short time stability; others af-
    lator section.                                            supplies.
                                                                                                                        fect long time stability. T h e accuracy
      1)
      -0
                        DISTORTION A N D AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                         age of the audio oscil-        specification of within 2% usually
                            OF RESISTANCE.CAPACITY OSCILLATOR
                                                                                                                        given for RC oscillators includes all
         g    +z                                                                         lator is reduced, the
         2    +I                                                                         hum voltage tends to           of these factors. (Typical long time
                                                                                                                        and short time stability are shown in
         9    --c                                                               +        remain constant. A t
         I-
                                                                                         l o w e r o u t p u t levels   Figures 5 and 6.)
         2
         +    -1

                                                                                         this hum voltage be-            Description of -hp- Oscillators
         $    -2

                                                                                                                           -hp- 200 series Oscillators (see page

                       .
                                                                                         tive to the sine wave
         Z
              1.0
                                                                                         output voltage. T h i s        8 ) are designed for general-purpose
         0    0.5                                                                                                       applications, such as checking per-
         I
         -                  I                                        d                   undesirable condition
         e
         e    o"?
              0.1
                                                                                         can be remedied by
                                                                                         operating the RC os-
                                                                                                                        formance of audio amplifiers, broad-
                                                                                                                        cast transmitters and similar equip-
         0    10           100             1WO              lMM0              lowOD
                                                                                         cillator at or slightly        ment, checking vibration and stability
         a4                      FREQUENCY I N C.P.S.
                                                                                                                        of mechanical systems, and as voltage
                   -             RC Oscilla'tor.
                                                                                                                        sources for bridge measurements, etc.
                                                                               able a t t e n u a t o r be-             T h e output is sufficient to modulate
        There are, in general, two types of                   tween the oscillator and the equip-                       signal generators a n d drive other
     output circuitry used in -hp- oscillators                nicnt driven. T h e "voltage divider"                     equipment requiring considcrable pow-
     depending upon the desired results. For                  circuit shown i n Figurr 4 is satisfac.                   er. T h e usefulness of thcse oscillators
     very low distortion, low frequency, and
     low power output, RC coupled output
     is used. For high power or where vari-                          w
     able source impedance is required,
                                                                     m
                                                                     Z
     transformer output is generally em-                             0
                                                                     a
     ployed.                                                         m
                                                                     w
                                                                     oi
                       Distortion
       Inherently, the RC oscillator is a
     generator of low distortion voltages.                                I                                   FREQUENCY                                   I
     Distortion depends upon the linearity                                            Figure 3. Characteristics of Frequency Determining Network.



     6
                                                                                                              equipment. I t uses an internal modu-
                                                                                                              lator which allows the generated fre-
                                                                                                              quency to be modulated by a standard
                                                                                                              telephone set, thus permitting voice
                                                                                                              communication between the test point
                                                                                                              and terminal. It also provides a single-
                                                                                                              ended output and includes a large tun-
                                                   DAYS
                                                                                                              ing dial that gives a high resolution
                                                                                                              and a convenient arrangement f o r
     Figure 5. Long-time Stability Curve of circuit using wire-wound resistors a n d
                              temperature compensation.                                                       standardizing calibration.
                                                                                                                   T h e latest of -hp- RC oscillators is
                                                                                                              the Model 200T, a precision teleme-
             1.
              0                                                                                               tering test oscillator. It was specifically
                                                                                                              designed to provide the highest possi-
             .7S
                                                                                                              ble frequency stability in a commercial
       "*
       1 0

      %
      .:a
        :                                                                                                     wide range, audio oscillator. I t covers
       i'
       -I                                                                                                     the frequency range from 250 cps to
             25
                                                                                                               100 KC. T h e band spread is arranged
                        ,    I     1     I     I          I
                                                               2
                                                                      I     I     I     I
                                                                                        1
                                                                                              1               to provide wide overlap so that the
                                              HOURS
                                                                                                              entire RDB spectrum for FM - FM
                                                                                                              telemetering is covered without split-
                   Figure 6. Short-time Stability C u r v e of R C Oscillator.
                                                                                                              ting a single telemetering channel. T h e
                                                                                                              large, 6" diameter dial with many cal-
is greatly increased by their compact                     in low frequency work where much                    ibration points over 300' of arc, allows
size, light weight and easy portability.                  time is required for ordinary circuits              precise and swift frequency selection.
-hp- 2001 is especially suitable for in-                  to stabilize.                                       T h e instrument has a short warmup
terpolation work and for applications                                                                         cycle of less than an hour ; a short term
                                                             -hp- 202B (page 13) is an RC type
where the frequency of oscillatioii                                                                           stability of better than 0.02% * O S %
                                                          low frequency oscillator. Its applica-
must be known very accurately.                                                                                 f r o m 10



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