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:I
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SERVICE INFORMATION FROM HEWLETT-P
MAYJULY lam
Group Delay where d indicates the derivative of;
4 is the angular phase (radians),
and f is the angular frequency
than about 100
Dan Bmun (radians/sec.).
Hewktt-Paekard, Mtn. View
d+ and df can be further defined as
As a microwave technician involved A telephone line behavet3 like a
in the repair and calibration of drb limit
Hewlett-Packard's microwave test pass filter, particularly if in
loading is used to reduce attenua-
equipment, there have been many which means that A+ (change in tion. Multiplex systems uBe very
occasions when customers touring phase) and A (change in frequency)
4 sharp filters to separate one channel
W s repair center have asked me, from another, and the tuned circuib
in a &io receiver serve the same
lters and filter-
ures IF flatnew power, and group uce delay.
zero) for it to be group delay.
delay." We are talking about an H P The dowing down of a signal in its
3710A or 3790A Microwave Link passage through a communications
Analyzer System. channel is of little importance.
Delay becomes a problem only when
But this article is not about the it interferes with the
MLA, it's about one finction of the receiver to understand
MLA and that's measure group In the case of speech,
delay. And what is group delay? It is tion causes little inte
synonymous with envelope delay, the ear is relatively i
phase delay, or differential phase. phase variations. Facsimile, tele-
Basically, they all mean the same graph, and data signals, however,
thing. Same may argue that there are quite vulnerable to delay
noes, but they are mini- distortion.
neering texts refer to
lot of mathemat- Usually, only relative delay - the
IEEE Dictionary maximum range or difference i n
t "the deriva-
w delay values in a channel -is of im-
tive of radian phase with respect to portance, since only the delay differ-
radian frequency, dcpldw. It is equal Actually, group delay is a theoreti- ence causes distortion in the received
to the phase delay for an ideal non- cal concept and in practice cannot be signal. Absolute delay - the total
dispersive delay device, but may dif- measured at all. What is actually delay experienced by signal ele-
fer greatly in actual devices where measured, referring back t o the ments - is usually not important
there is ripple in the phase vs. fre- IEEE definition, is differential (ra- except where signals, or parh of a
quency characteristic." dian) phase and differential (radian) signal, are transmitted from one
frequency which, if measured cor- point to another over different
The Telecommunication Transmis- rectly, can be assumed to approxi- routes and must arrive at the same
sion Handbook by Roger L. Freeman mate group delay. It is the varia- time.
defines group delay as envelope tions in delay at different frequen-
delay distortion and goes on to say cies that causes the problems and is
that it's the derivative of radian referred to as group delay distortion.
phase ChaTaCteristicswith respect to
*
radian frequency characteristics. What i Delay Distortion?
s
And, since group delay is defined as
the incremental change in phase Electromagnetic waves travel
caused by an incremental change in 186,000 miles per second in free
angular frequency, where the in- space. Electrical signals, however,
crement approaches zero i n both do not travel this fast through com-
cases, group delay is expressed as munications channels. In fact, sig-
nals may travel over certain types of
GD = -d4 circuits as slowly as 15,000miles per
df second, and will rarely travel faster
c newkn-p
&.HPARWI~FCOM
For example, if two tones, such as Thus, it follows that the more the
1200 and 2200 cycles per second, are phase of a signal is shifted in passing
used to transmit binary data (shift- through a channel, the more time is
ing from one frequency to the other), required for it to get through the
it is important that these two tones channel. Where phase shift is
experience approximately the same known, the phase delay of a single
transmission delay in going from frequency is
one end of the circuit to the other. If
the data is being transmitted at delay (time) = phase shift (radians)
1000 bits per second, each bit will be frequency (radians
one millisecond long. If these trans- per sec.)
missions consist of alternate 1's and
O's, the signal will be alternately This is usually expressed as
shifting between 1200 and 2200 cps. 6
The transmission propagation time t =-
w
for those two tones between the two
ends of a given circuit can vary con- It is important to note that in practi-
siderably. For example, 60 miles of cal systems, phase delay, as
loaded telephone cable may intro- expressed above, is applicable only to
duce a delay to the 2200 cycle tone of single, steady-state frequencies.
6.1 milliseconds as compared to 5.1 one-half cycle relative to the funda-
milliseconds for the 1200 cycle tone, In an ideal system, phase shift would
mental, the pulse shape is severely be linear and all signals passing
a difference of 1 millisecond. If the
distorted. through such a system would be de-
2200 cycle tone is transmitted first
followed by the 1200 cycle tone (each layed equal amounts, regardless of
transmitted for 1millisecond), it can To demonstrate the effect shown in their frequency. Unfortunately,
Figure 2, try the following experi- phase shift i n a communication
be seen that they will both be re- ment:
ceived at the same time, rather than channel is never linear. In a high
one following the other. In 120 quality system, the overall phase
miles, they would be received in the -Connect two audio oscillators (e.g., shift characteristic may look like
reverse order! HP Model 3325A's) to the A and B that shown in Figure 3.
inputs of an oscilloscope.
-Set A for x frequency at y
Delay Distortion At Higher amplitude (the exact frequency
Frequencies and amplitude are unimportant).
Set oscillator B for 3 times the fre-
In high speed data transmission, the quency and one-third the
problem of delay distortion becomes amplitude.
more serious and troublesome as the -Set up the oscillators so that they
transmission rate increases. Data are phase locked together with
bits usually originate as zero phase shift between them
rectangular-shaped pulses which are (Figure 2A).
used to modulate a carrier at a par-
ticular keying rate for transmission -Now shift the third harmonic os-
over a communications circuit. The cillator so that it is delayed by
pulses resulting from this modula- one-half cycle (180 degrees).
tion process are composed of many -If the two composites shown in
frequencies whose amplitudes and Figure 2B were fed into a speaker,
phases have a fixed relationship in you would note a drastic difference Measuring Group and Envelope
time. The energy of the fundamental in sound even though the frequen- Delay
and harmonic frequencies are vecto- cies haven't changed.
rially added together to form the en- Whenever a complex signal (such as
velope of the composite signal. If the Phase Shift a modulated or keyed carrier fre-
pulses are processed through circuit quency) is transmitted, the relation-
components such as band-pass filters The phase and frequency of a signal ship between frequency and phase
or amplifiers, which because of reac- are, by definition, inseparable. In shift described above no longer holds
tive (imaginary) components within fact, a good definition of frequency is true unless the system is perfectly
the circuitry do not offer equal the rate of change of phase with re- distortion-free. Since phase shift is
transit time to all frequencies, the +
spect to time, or dgdt, where is the always non-linear in actual systems,
signal shape (envelope) is seriously phase shift (usually in radians; 7~ ra- some of the component frequencies
distorted. As shown in Figure 2, if dians equal 180", n radians equal
2 undergo more phase shift than other
the third harmonic is delayed by one cycle) and t is time in seconds. frequency components.
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d p h w a %hemore en-
,
velorpe delay will result.
require a band of frequencies for
succeseful transmission, both en-
velope and group delay are the forms
of delay of greatest general impor-
tance. Hewlett-Packard measures
relative delay (and ocher p m -
ters) in microwave r d i o
tions with the HP 3710
w d d be no d b M i m w m e Link
placement of me frequency with re- Audio data line
spgat to the other and m indepen- to CCITT StandanES
dent delay of the rnrzdulation en- by the 3770AK3770B Figure 4. 371ON3790A MLA perform-
velope or envel- d.* ing a group delay measurement.
The MLA uses a sweep frequency
technique where the present fre-
quency increment is measured and
compared to the previous
increment.
Group Delay and the Phase Lock Loop
The method used in the HP to the PLL as the reference sig- detector is a special low pass
Microwave Link Analyzer (MLA) nal. A41 internai voltage con- filter designed to pass only fre-
quencies l w & r than 10 Ht. If
tion a all.
t
CRT. The key to the group delay
SWEPT
-
erence. In the case of the M U , c PHASE LOW
SENSITIVE ' * PASS
DETECTOR FILTER
- LPF
L
s
7 -
-
in phase per frequency.
And since the phase and fre-
quency of a signal are, by defini-
DELAY
SIGNAL I
distortion.
As shown in the accompanying
figure, the swept signal is applied
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t
Figure 5 shows the basic principal
used i n making envelope delay
rapid attenuation of all frequencies
outside the desired band. Unfortu-
while being observed on the CRT of a
group delay detector.
0
measurements with the 3770A/B nately, such rapid change in the at-
Analyzers. The transmitter part of tenuation characteristic of a filter is Summary
the instrument generates a carrier also accompanied by rapid changes
signal that is alternately modulated in the phase shift. In conclusion, there are several im-
with a reference signal and then a portant points to remember. Group
test signal. The test signal frequency In the case of excessive relative delay is a transit time phenomena.
starts out at the lowest end of the delay, a network which would cor- Group delay distortion causes audio
fkequency range the instrument is rect the phase shift characteristics of distortion in communication links.
capable of transmitting and steps up the communications channel might This cannot be eliminated, but it can
to the high end start, stop and refer- very well neutralize the desired at- be compensated for by special filters.
ence signals are switch-selectable. tenuation of the filters responsible Relative group delay can be meas-
For example, 300 H to 3.4 kHz
z for the delay. Special delay equaliz- ured by a unique application of a
could be the test range, and lkHz ers called elliptical all-pass filters phase lock loop and displayed
the reference. Delay is measured by are required to overcome this prob- graphically on a CRT. Group delay
comparing the delay of the envelopes lem. Without getting into filter distortion is not an absolute meas-
recovered at each of the various test theory, it will suffice t o say that urement, but a relative measure-
frequencies to the delay of the refer- these filters are complex and their ment. The actual transit time of a
ence signal. component values are usually calcu- signal through a communication
lated by computer. In typical appli- link is not important. It is the
cations, these filter networks changes or fluctuations in the
generally contain several adjustable transit time from one frequency to
components so that the group delay another expressed as group delay
response can be adjusted for flatness distortion that is important.
Delay Compensation Networks
Where amplitude response of a cir-
cuit is unsatisfactory, a filter is used
to introduce a controlled amount of
loss at certain frequencies to obtain
the desired performance. In a carrier Dan Braun, who has been with Hewlett-Packard 5 years, is an instrument service
system, the channel bandpass filters technician at the HP Customer Service Center in Mt. View, California. As you can
probably tell from the nature of the article, Dan's primary responsibilities are the repair
which isolate individual channels and calibration of HP's microwave test equipment.
from each other are the principal
sources of delay distortion. These fil- Born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, Dan attended College of San Mate0
ters should have uniform amplitude where he obtained his AA degree. He furthered his electronic background in Class A
response within a desired band of school while serving 6 years in the Navy. Dan and his wifi, Frieda, live in San Jose,
frequencies, but must exhibit a very California.
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I
b
S BATTERIES
.I .-
A Quick Guide to Batteries
(Editor`s Note: The following article Discharge rate is expressed in and water. The negative electrode is
appeared in the Electronic Buyers' ampere-hours or milliampere-hours. the zinc case. The voltage per cell is
News and is reproduced with per- This is the product of current meas- 1.5V. Cell sizes range from AAA to
mission of CMP Publications Inc.) ured in amperes or milliamperes and D and the lowest cost battery is the
the number of hours that the cell or 9-V rectangular case size for transis-
battery can supply or discharge that torized products.
amount of current. The abbrevia-
Even though the electrochemical tions are Ahr and mAhr.
fabrication of the most commonly Carbon-Zinc (Zinc-Chloride). The
used batteries has been known for zinc-chloride or heavy-duty version
primary ~ ~ e d of ~ basic system provides about
the ~
more than a century, new and im- 50% more life for the same case size
proved batteries are providing users until recently the choice of battery
an even widening choice of operating power was limited to the carbon-zinc as the Leclanche version. Construc-
tion is similar except the ammonium
characteristics for meeting different (Leclanche) dry cell used for chloride is omitted from the electro-
requirements. general-purposeapplicationesuch as
flashlights and portable radio@. lyte. Cell voltage is 1.5V.
Then the zinc-chloride versions of
COnSeqUently, this article attempts the cgI.bon-zincsy-m &e& si@-
to define and explain many Of to- ficantly improved energy density, Allr&e Manganese DiolEide. The
day's batteries and their differing while the alkaline-manganese so-called alkaline cell is a further re-
characteristics. dioxide system Provided a further finement of the basic carbon-zinc
-
improvement, the latter being suited
. system, using the same m i t i v e and
The term battery applies to a range for efflcient powering of transis- negative electrodes. Highly alkaline
of products classed as primary and torized circuitry. Mercuric oxide and potassium hydroxide is US& in place
secondary. Because their active ma- silver oxide met the need for com- of zinc-chloride. Reportedly, these
terials are irreversibly consumed pact button cells for hearing aids, cells and batteries offer a twofold
during periods of usage, primary calculators, cameras, and other spe- improvement in energy density over
batteries can't be recharged. How- cial needs. the carbon-zinc system for about
ever, recharging secondary batteries twice the price. This system is better
reconstitutes their active materials adapted for use where reliability and
Carbon-Zinc Flashlight Battery length of service offset the increased
and permits them to be reused many
times. cost. Case sizes are similar and cell
ONE PIECE COVER (+)
Tin Plated Steel
SUPPORT WASHER
Polyelhylane coaled voltage is the same.
ELECTRODE - Carbon Paperboard
VENT WASHER - JACKET -
Strictly speaking, a battery is an as- Paprboard Polyethylanecoated
Kran h C.llulose
sembly of two or more cells. The ASPHALT SEAL Acetale CoaMd Label Mercuric Oxide Cells. The mer-
WAX RING SEAL MIX - Manganese
cells, each made up of two dissimilar Dioxide. etc curic oxide cell has a higher electri-
electrodes, are in contact with an PASTE -Flour. Starch
Arnrnonlurn Chloride. cal capacity for its size than either
electrolytewithin a closed container. Zinc Clorlde
carbon-zinc or alkaline cells, provid-
CAN -Zinc
The voltage output of the cell is a CUP - Kran Paper ing 1.35 volts per cell. The cathode is
function of the electrochemicalprop- STAR BOTTOM -
Paperboard mercuric oxide, the anode is zinc and
erties of the electrodes and the elec- BOTTOM (-) Tin
the electrolyte is potassium hyd-
Plated SIW
trolyte. For systems in common use roxide or sodium hydroxide. This
today, this ranges from 1.2 to 3.0 system provides effective button-size
volts. cells for watches and hearing aids,
Carbon-Zinc(Leclanche).Still the but seems to be losing ground to the
most common and lowest cost pri- more effective silver-oxide systems.
Every cell and battery has two im- mary system for general purposes,
portant characteristics: voltage and from toys and flashlights to transis-
discharge rate. Voltage higher than torized radios and recorders,
the cell voltage are obtained by con- carbon-zinc batteries and cells Silver-OxideCells. Silver oxide cells
necting cells in series so that their account for at least half of the pri- provide more than twice the energy
voltages combine. For example, a mary battery sales. of carbon zinc cells of an equivalent
12-volt battery would consist of six size and offer more energy per unit
2-volt cells or eight 1.5-volt cells. In volume than mercuric oxide cells.
the early days of tube-type radio, The cell consists of a positive carbon Available in two types, high drain
there was a constant demand for electrode and an electrolyte com- and low drain, the silver oxide
45- and 90-volt batteries, each requir- posed of manganese dioxide, am- cathodes are paired to ZiDC anodes;
ing a large number of cells. monium chloride and zinc chloride and the electrolytes ara3 potassium
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Silver-Oxide Watch Battery
anode cap
watch use. They use oxygen as the
positive electrode, zinc as the nega-
tive electrode and feature an electro- Hermetic Seal
Lithium Cell a
L L-
Anode material ( 2 " )
lyte of potassium hydroxide. Shelf
life is excellent because they are
only activated by removing the tape
( ---:,; Separator
from a tiny hole, which admits air.
The zinc air cell provides 1.5 volts
Glass Seal
Terminal
,
Case
Calhode material ( A g p O )
Cell enclosure
per cell.
Lithium
Collector
hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Anode
These button-sized 1.55 cells are in Lithium Cells. The term lithium
wide demand for watches and hear- cell or battery applies to a number of Cathode Separator
ing aids. different electrochemical systems
capable of producing from 1 to 4
Magnesium Cells are primarily volts per cell, Lithium is used as the
used in military applications due to negative electrode in all of them, but
their ability to withstand extremes the voltage and operating charac-
in temperature and humidity and to teristics a r e determined by the
provide energy after years of stor- choice of cathode and electrolyte. All systems, the cathode is a metal
age. A magnesium alloy is used for of the systems employ highly reac- halide, sulfide or oxide, and the elec-
the anode; magnesium bromide for tive alkali metals prepared without trolytes are lithium salts in organic
the electrolyte. Magnesium cells the use of water, so they are classed solvent. The liquid systems have
provide 1.8 volts per cell. as non-aqueous. soluble reactants with catalytic ma-
terials (sulfur dioxide or thionyl
Zinc-Air Cells are high-energy pri- At present, lithium systems in use or chloride). The electrolytes in the liq-
mary systems available commer- under investigation are also classed uid units can be organic or inor-
cially today for hearing aid and as either solid or liquid. In the solid ganic.
The Type Used in HP Calculators
extremes are excessively deep dis-
charging and continual recharger
Rechargeable Nicads use.
Continual Reuharger Uae
Nickel-cadmium batteries are often course, subjecting nicads to exces- Continual recharger use does not
blamed for ear& failure when in sive temperatures will guarantee to harm the calculator or batteries. If
fact, you have been abusing the shotten their life. But the way you the c&uktor is USBd in a combina-
poor things &I & g without matis-
wi uw the calculatar and charge the o recharger aurd battery power,
f
ing it. And true to Murphy's law, bateties can also affect their if the battery is Cffmharged t a
o
your devica will go dead when you performance. different level each chargel
need it the most and do not have discharge cyde, no harm is done.
the charger with you; or you do If, however, a battery is subjected
have the charger, but there's no AC TM chargeldidarge cycle is to a repetitive depth of discharge
power available. as follows: 1) fully charge the over a period of many months, a
ni- on the recharger; 2) remove phenomenon known as memory
To demonstrate proper nicad use, the h - r and Opeate the cab may result. Memory is an apparent
let`slook at the nicad cek USBd by CIJlator on battety Until a low tempomy loss of capacity. To il-
Hewlett-Packardcalculators. These l@mli n d m OWAJrs;3)M a m e lustrate, suppose a calculator is
cells, aqrding to their manufac- fully on rechWW. This method re- kept on the recharger continually,
turer, should average approxi- sults in imximum battery perfor- except for a 5-minute period each
rnately 500 chargeldischarge cy- mance. Actually most peopledo not day when it is used on battery
cles. Sometimes your treatment of use their calculators in this manner, power. Over a long period of thne,
these batteries may shorten or ap- but rather in the broad spectrum the nickel-cadmium batteries begin
pear to shorten their useful life. Of between two extremes. Those two to "remember" the capacity they
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- Though lithium systems cost less The positive electrodes of lead-acid Obviously, the battery with more
than silver oxide -materials, their cells are made of lead peroxide and plates has more lead and therefore
manufacturing costs are higher. the negative electrodes are made of weighs more. It also lasts longer
They can replace mercury and silver sponge lead paste. The groups of when you inadvertently leave your
based systems where their voltages positive and negative plates are in- lights on. It also can provide more
are about equal, but the higher terleaved and spaced by separators. cranking power for cold morning
lithium voltages may call for circuit The complete assembly is places in starts.
or. product redesign. an electrolyte of diluted sulfuric
acid. A storage battery is made up of Of more interest to the electronics
Lithium battery systems can present separate compartments or cells, each industry for the continous power of
potential safety hazards because of with its own filler and vent plug. remote instrumentation sensors, TV
their higher energy content, higher The voltage of each cell is approxi- sets, medical instruments and truly
reactivity and the unusual nature of mately 2 volts. Actually, automobile portable tools is the true sealed
the materials involved. Most often, batteries use cells of 2.1 volts so the lead-acid battery. No acid or vapor is
they a r e seen as supplementing combinations of 6 cells provides 12.6 vented and all evolved oxygen gas is
rather than replacing silver oxide volts. recombined with the plate mate-
systems. But lithium cells have the rials. These batteries and cells are
highest watt hours per cubic inch An interesting sidelight can be presently limited to lower watt-hour
(Whr/in3) and their hermetically shown when you compare high cost ratings than the maintenance-free
sealed cells afford a shelf life in ex- vs low cost automobile batteries batteries. Although some of the
cess of five years. within the same group (i.e. group cases are flashlight cell size, these
being a standard size of battery such sealed lead-acid cells are not inter-
Secondary Batteries as 24F).In general, the low cost bat- changeable with either carbon zinc
tery will have fewer plates (less lead, and alkaline cells.
Lead-Acid Cell. Storage batteries hence lower cost), and have a lower
made of multiple lead-acid cells are ampere-hour rating than the high There are a number of different
the most widely used rechargeable cost battery. Once quick way to ver- proprietary methods for making sea-
c batteries.
ify this is to weigh the two batteries. led lead-acid cells. Some makers are
are expected to deliver each day, deep discharge cycles, the chances reversal. This is a permanent fail-
and they then will deliver no more of shorting increase. There are two ure, and the battery pack must be
than that amount. Memory is com- varieties of shorts possible - a replaced.
pletely reversible by a few complete low-impedance and a high-
charge/discharge cycles (from full impedance short. A low-impedance The problem of discharging your
charge down to low level shorted cell will not respond to any battery too deeply does not always
indication). level of recharging current. A disappear even when you have
high-impedance shorted cell can been made aware of the situation.
recover under high charging cur- A malfunctioning low-level detect
Deep Discharge rents (2A to 4A). However, the shelf system could be the guilty culprit.
The other extreme encountered is life of this cell is very short as it We won't discuss catastrophic cell
excessive deep discharging of actually discharges itself through its failure in the form of venting since it
batteries. This is potentially the own internal short. Consequently, is an easily recognizable problem
most damaging to nicad cells. In both low-impedance and high- requiring battery replacement. Ex-
most cases, the cause of failure impedance shorted cells are consi- cessive temperature, excessive
when a battery is too deeply dis- dered permanent failures. Another overcharge, cell reversal, and mis-
charged is an internal short. Nor- type of failure associated with deep use or abuse of nicads are all
mally a charged or partially- discharge is called cell reversal. In causes of venting.
c charged cell has enough internal
energy to vaporize a short. How-
ever, when a cell has been too de-
eply discharged, the cell does not
have enough internal energy to
a multi-cell battery, deep discharge
will cause one cell to become
exhausted first, since cells cannot
be precisely matched in capacity.
The cell with remaining capacity
So remember, to get an average of
500 charge/discharge cycles out of
your HP calculator Nicads, give it a
full charge, use it until all the deci-
clear or prevent a potential short. drives the exhausted cell into a re- mal points light up, then give it
The result is that with a number of verse state of charge which is cell another full charge.
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SPARE PARTS KIT
.L
using very thin, spirally wound posi-
tive apd negative plates, with the
Lead-Acid Automobile Battery
Vent Plug
solution of potassium hydroxide. The
average operating voltage is about
0
liquid electrolyte contained in a Inter-wII
Connector \ \ ,-/
post
1.2 volts.
separator. Other makers are using a Negative
Strap
gelled sulfuric acid electrolyte. All of
these cells, however, have safety Nickel-cadmium power sources are
Partition
vents, usually resealable mem- divided into the low watt-hour units
branes, to prevent the cell from Separator suitable for calculators, walkie-
exploding in the event of accidental talkie portable radios and portable
overcharge. Negative
tools, not to mention vented versions
Plate with higher ratings which are
Nickel-Cadmium Cell. The nickel- widely used in aircraft ignition sys-
cadmium cell can be recharged tems. Sealed nickel-cadmium cells
many times and has almost constant are made in button sizes through the
voltage during discharge. These In the charged condition, the posi- range of flashlight "D" cells.
cells operate well at low tempera- tive electrode is nickel hydroxide Rechargers are supplied with the
tures and can be hermetically sea- and the negative electrode is metal- consumer product as part of a line-
led. lic cadmium. The electrolyte is a cord transformer-rectifier assembly.
Recommended Spare Parts Kit
For HP Products
SPARES
Spare Parts - Anticipated Requirements
Evaluation System
Th last issue f Bench Briefs Multiple Lists Long-Term Packaging
showed you a simple system for or-
dering parts directly from HP (MOP Recommendations can be made for a Long-term and military-standard
for Mail Order Parts) so you could single product (1 each 5245L), a packaging is optional. The process
avoid the $20 minimum charge. quantity of identical products (96 used for long-term packaging
Now, here is a way to put it to use - each 5245L), or a combination list increases the kit's shelf life because
replenishing spare parts kits. for various quantities of different each part is individually packaged
products (6 each 412A, 27 each and marked. This provides easy
SPARES is the name of a computer 1707A, and 9 each 5245L). Recom- identification and protection against
program used by HP to generate rec- mendations can be made for a spare destructive effects of weather and
ommended spare parts lists for most parts inventory of one year up to atmospheric conditions while in
HP products. After purchasing the nine years. storage.
recommended spare parts kit, if your
instrument should ever need repair, For more information about
there is a 90% probability of having SPARES, contact your local HP
the part available. Probability is Sales and Service office. Reference
even higher if spares are replenished the HP Corporate Parts Center
as they are used. Policies and Procedures Manual,
Section 3080.
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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CROSS REFERENCE
Replacement Part Cross Reference
When selecting replacement parts tance, etc. There may also be slight To help you in these situations,
for your HP products, you may mechanical differences, such as the here's a cross-reference of HP inte-
notice that many manuals list only shaping or length of leads. In some grated circuit part numbers to man-
an HP part number for the part, cases special quality checks are ufacturers -generic type" part num-
even though it appears that this part employed to ensure that high relia- bers (whom in most cases is the
is manufactured by one of the large bility parts are used at the factory originator of the part). Even though
semiconductor manufacturers. Serv- and at HP field offices. the cross-reference only lists one
ice personnel often ask why only HP Therefore, we suggest obtaining re- manufacturer, there may actually be
part numbers are listed. placement parts from HP to main- several approved sources for an HP
tain the quality that you have paid part. While every attempt was made
It is recommended that H p replace- for in your instrument. There may to ensure the accuracy of the list, it
ment parts be used to ensure that be situations however where HP re- is advisable to compare the descrip-
the original performance of the pro- placement parts are not in stock and tion of the device being replaced
duct will be obtained. While some substituting parts will allow you to with the description of the substi-
parts used in HP instruments are return the product to service im- tuted part. For example, if the serv-
identical to that which can be pur- mediately. In these cases it may be ice manual describes the device
chased at a local electronics dis- worthwhile to see if a substitute part being replaced as a "dual J-K flip-
tributor, many times parts will be will work in the circuit. Perhaps an flop", check this against the descrip-
selected for certain characteristics, HP part could be ordered and in- tion of the replacement part.
such as gain, bandwidth, capaci- stalled at some later date.
Numbu Ymuhctum Numkr
O O9
O3
00350
00575
01590
01698
01795
01876
-
Nippon Electric Co.
Exar Integrated Systms Inc.
westem Digital Cup.
plessey
Texas In&. tnc. Semioond. Cmpnt. Div.
synertek
HP Div. 02 Santa Clara ICs 86
Tokyo, JP
Sunnyvale, CA
Newport ha&, CA
santaAna,CA
Dallas, TX
santa Clara CA
santa Clara, CA
03334
03406
09545
0361j8
03877
03714
03755
Amperex El&. Corp. Semicon. 81 MC Div
Natkrnal Semiconductor Corp.
Teledyne philbridc Nexus
optknax Inc.
Americen Micro Systems Inc.
lntereil Inc.
Hybrid Systems Cup.
SlatersviUe, RI
Santa Clara, CA
Dedham. MA
Colmar, PA
santn Clara. CA
CupetWl~, CA
Burlington, MA
01921 RCA Corp. sdkl State Div. somenrib, NJ 03758 Electronic hays, Inc. Mountain View, CA
01973 GE Co.Semiconductor Prod. Dept. A M , NY 03780 Intech Inc. Santa Clara, CA
01991 Transitron Electronic Cup. Wakefield, MA 03794 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. Sunnyvale, CA
02023 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Liwn Div. Chicago, IL 03795 Motomla Inc. Franldin Park, IL
02037 Motorola Semiconductor Products Phoenix, A Z 03799 Harris Semicon. Div. Hams-Intertype Melbourne, FL
02180 Precision MonoUthics Inc. Santa Clara. CA 03811 Intel Cop. Mountain V i , CA
02237 Fairchild Semiconductor Dw. Mountain View, CA 04078 Most& Corp. carrollton, Tx
02290 Raytheon Co. Semiconductor Div. HQ Mountain V I . CA 04092 Monolithic Memories Inc. Sunnyvale, CA
02569 Cfystalonics, Div. Teledyne Cambridge, MA 04183 Nltron Div. McDonnell Douglas Corp. Cw CA
Um
02598 Unitrode Corp. watertown, MA 04200 Sprague Electric Co. North Mams, MA
02634 sprague Elect. Co. Semlcondudor Div. concord,NH 05436 Burr Brown Co. Tucson, AZ
02713 General In&. Corp. Semicon. Prod. GP HrcksvHle, NY 08338 SGS Ates Milan, IT
02763 Teledyne Semiconductor Mountain View, CA 06545 Lambda Elemonics Corp. Melville, NY
02838 Dynamic Measurements Corp. Wind\ester, MA 06563 Siemens Corp. Components Group scowdale, Az
02882 Ze&x Inc. Sub. of Redcor Corp. C o d , CA 08852 Data Delay Devices Clifton, NJ
02883 siliconix Santa Clara, CA 07653 Zilog Inc. Cupertino, CA
02910 %- Corp. Sunnyvale, CA 07810 Texas Instruments France Nice, FR
03183 HP Div. 22 Data Systems Cupertino, CA 07915 Hytek Microsystems Inc. San Diego. CA
03285 Analog Devices Inc. Nonrvood, MA
077h3 nAcao-rcn-v
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03114
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03799
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ni69(1 oi-qie
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01698 n2910
F1h9P 02910
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01406 omin
03406 07910
03199 079lO
03714 02910
0?910 02910
OP910 04092
02010 07910
(IPPIO 02910
02-10 02910
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02910 02910
OP910 01910
nmio n169n
02910 BZOlO
n2910 ni69~
nwio 01698
OPOlO 01h98
02910 01698
01910 oi(i91)
03799 02910
os700 w9io
03799 02910
03799 az9io
03799
L13799
ni6011 n4q98
01691) 02910
02910 02910
01698 01910
016911 07910
0169R 01910
Ol69R 07799
07910 03799
01698 03199
01698 03799
0 I69R 03799
01098 03799
03799 03799
o I 6-30 n3799
0 1698 n 1698
n I 690 0169R
01690 01698
n6092 niwn
03406 nih9n
n3406 nib911
02910 0 I h9H
03799 OPQlO
07910 OZ9ld
02910 03TO9
03ni1 n77w
n301i 03799
03811 (13199
03811 03799
01698 117799
01698 n3799
03799 03199
OP9lO 07799
02910 n3foo
02910 n77w
01698 07TVP
03199
06799
03199
n3799
03109
03199
03~99
03799
03199
037eP
1 0?9lO
0381 1
,inCUIT CROSS REFERENCE
Yh. ole11
n j w b
OPE37 0cs37
01690 e3794
112?37 ~3794
02737 13794
02237 0-794
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03794
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03799 ◦ Jabse Service Manual Search 2024 ◦ Jabse Pravopis ◦ onTap.bg ◦ Other service manual resources online : Fixya ◦ eServiceinfo