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                                                                          H


Balanced Circuit Measurement
with an Impedance Analyzer/
LCR Meter/Network Analyzer



Application Note 346-2

INTRODUCTION                       circuit is typically used in            two conductors are at every point
                                   communications equipment                equal in amplitude and opposite in
How a Balanced Circuit Differs     because a balanced circuit has the      phase. Figure 2 shows an
from an Unbalanced Circuit         advantage of better spurious noise      unbalanced cable which is an
                                   suppression.                            example of an unbalanced circuit.
A balanced circuit has its                                                 Most measurement circuits in HP's
electrical midpoint grounded. An   Figure 1 shows a balanced cable         impedance analyzers and LCR
unbalanced circuit, however, has   which is an example of a balanced       meters are unbalanced.
one side grounded. A balanced      circuit. The voltages of the cable's




  +V
                                                            +V
       -V



                                                                   0V



Figure 1. Balanced cable                                Figure 2. Unbalanced cable




                                                    1
Measuring a Balanced
Circuit with an Unbalanced
Measurement Instrument
                                                                                 +V                   +V

                                                             High
A balanced circuit cannot be                               V terminal
directly measured with an unbal-
anced measurement instrument                                                          0               -V
                                                             Low
                                                     A       terminal
because of the difference in their                                                                              Balanced cable
configuration.
When measuring balanced circuits,              Measurement Instrument
the unbalanced measuring instru-
ment requires a balun (balanced to    Figure 3. Balanced cable measurement configuration
unbalanced) transformer. A balun
is a type of impedance-matching
RF transformer.                       don't have to use the balun which                   To Calibrate/Compensate
                                      has the same impedance with the                     for (1):
Figure 3 shows the configuration      circuit under test. However, when
for measuring a balanced circuit      you measure the transmission or                     1. Perform open/short/load
with an unbalanced instrument.        reflection of it, you have to use a                    calibration at the APC7

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