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150A(Models150A_252C150AR)


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  INSTRUCTION   MANUAL

MODELS 15OA, 150AR
  MICROVOLT-AMMETERS
WARRANTY
     We warrant each of our products to. be free
     from defects in material and workmanship. Our
     obligation    under this warranty           is to repair or
     replace any instrument         or part thereof (except
     tubes and batteries)        which, within a year after
     shipment,     proves defective       upon examination.

     To exercise this warranty,        contact your Keithley
     field   engineering      representative.       You will be
     given assistance and shipping              instructions.


REPAIRS AND       RECALIBRATION
     Keithley     Instruments     and its international         dis-
     tributors    maintain     complete   repair facilities.
     To insure prompt repair or recalibration             service,
     please contact your Keithley field representative
     before returning        the instrument.

     Estimates for repairs, normal recalibrations, and
     calibrations traceable to the National Bureau of
     Standards     are available upon request.
MODEL 150A                                                                                            CONTEXTS



                                         TABLE OF CONTENTS



section                                  Page     Section                                                     Page

I.          INTRODUCTION. .      .         1-l          D.     Zero Suppression.     . . .            . .      4-2
                                                        E.     Other Controls.     . . . .                     4-2
II.         SPECIFICATIONS           .     2-l          F.     Power Supply.     . . . . .            .        4-2

III.         OPERATION .             .    3-l     V.         MAINTENANCE.        . . .            . .          5-l

       A.    Operating   Controls.         3-l                 Trouble-Shooting.     .            .       .    5-l
       B.    Preliminary    Set-up.        3-l                 Excessive     Output Noise.        .            5-l
       C.    General Precautions           3-2                 Output Not Zero       .                         5-2
       D.    Measuring   Voltages.         3-3                 220-Volt   Operation.    .         .            5-2
       E.    Measuring   Current    .      3-3
       F.    Other Applications.           3-3    VI.        REPLACEABLE PARTS .            . .           .    6-1

IV.          CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION          4-l                  Models 150A, 150AR Replaceable
                                                                Parts List       . . .     .                   6-2
       A.    Input Circuit     , . .      4-l                  Model 1501 Replaceable        Parts
       B.    AC Amplifier.     .   .      4-l                   List............                               6-7
       C.    DC Amplifier.     . . .      4-l                  Model 1502 Replaceable        Parts
                                                                List............                               6-7
                                                               Voltage Resistance      Chart.    .             6-9
                                                               Schematic Diagram 12188D.                       6-11


                                                  9~ Change Notice




*       Yellow Change Notice     sheet is included           only   for   instrument     modifications
        affecting the Instruction     Manual.




0764R                                                                                                                i
MODEL 150A                                                               1NTR0lxlc!rI0n




                               SECTION I - INTRODUCTION


The Model 150A Microvolt-Ammeter            is a stable,   versatile    instrument
for measuring extremely       low level     DC signals.    It functions      as a
voltmeter     from one microvolt      to one volt full    scale, and as an
ammeter from one milliampere          to one hundred micro-microamperes
full   scale.      It also operates     as a DC amplifier    with gains up to
ten million      for driving   recorders.

The very low noise level  of the Model 150A, together with its long
term stability make it ideal for many measurements requiring   ex-
treme power sensitivity.

Typical       applications       include     measuring the output from strain         gages,
thermopiles,         thermocouples,        bolometers,    phototubes,   ionization      chambers,
scintillation          counters,      and barrier    layer cells.     Other apnlications
are found in cell studies,                measurement of electrochemical         potentials,
electrolytic         corrosion      studies,    molecular   weight analysis      and Hall
effect      studies.

In addition   to its use as a direct  indicator  of minute potentials
and currents,   the Model 150A may also be used as a null detector      in
Wheatstone or Mueller   bridges,  or with an external   voltage  source as
a meg-megohmmeter.

An important   feature   of the instrument is zero supnression   up to
100 times full    scale, in place of the usual more limited    meter zero.
This permits measurements of small signals     in the presence of large
thermal EMF's or other masking DC signals.




                                                                                     l-l
MDLRL15OA                                                        SPECIFICATIONS



                           SECTIONII - SPECIFICATIONS


VOLllvIETw sF%xxlxcATIoRS
RANCE.: Thirteen overlapping ranges in lx and p steps from one micrcvolt
to one volt full scale on a zero-center meter.
ZEROAccuRAcy: 2% of full      scale on all ranges.
STABILITY: After one hour, +O.lmicrovolt   +2 x 1O-5 R microvolt     drift    per
day, where R is the source resistance in ohms.
NOISE: With the input shorted, less than 0.03 microvolt peak-to-peak (0.006
nlicmvo1t m3). At various cmrce     r&sistances, she noise peak-to-peak in
microvolts is given by E = 6.5 x lo- (R + ZOoO)~, since the Input resist-
ance is added to R, the source resistance.
INFUT RHISTANCE: Tabulated below; if input shunting resistors are requested,
the Input resistance is loo kilohms on MICROVOLT ranges and one megohmon
MILLIVOIiT rages.   maximum murce resistancea specified on the l- and 3-
microvolt ranges also hold with shunting input resistors.
           RAliOE             Input Resistance       Max. Source Resistance
      lmicrovolt                  1   megohm                 10 kilohms
      3 micrcvolts                3   megohms                30Mlom
     10 microvolts               10   megohms               100 kilohms
     30 micrcvolts               30   megohms               300 kilohms
   loo microvolts    and         90   megohms                 1 megohm
        above
RESPONSE SPEE!D (1% to VC$ of final value): Depends on ~0urc.e resistance.
With maximumspecified source resistance, less than one second on all ranges
except the l-microvolt range, where it is within two seconds.
With source resistance less than l@ of the maximum, response is within 0.5
second, except on the l-microvolt range, where It is within one second.
VOLTAOE  ZEROSUPPRE!SS:Ranges of lo, 100, loo0 and 10,OoO micmvoltS; and
0.1, 1, 10 and loo millivolts,     corresponding to the MICROVOLTS MILLIVOLlB
                                                                 and
positions on the FUNCTION    switch. Accuracy of the buckout ranges Is about
2% and stability  is such that 100 times full scale may be suppressed.


RANLIES: Fi een overlapping rangee in IX and p steps from 0.1 SIIIJA-~~C~-
ampere (10' in smpere) to loo0 microamperes (10'3 ampere) on a zero-center
meter.
STABILTPY: After one hour', 22 x lO-ll    ampere per day.



0763                                                                          2-l
sPFCLF1cATI0NS                                                                                MODEL15OA


NOISE: Less than 2 x 10-12 ampere peak-to-peak.
ACCURACY:Within 3% of full          scale on all      ranges.
VOLTAGE DROP: 100 microvolts         on the MILLI-MICROAlmZRESranges, one millivolt
on the MICROAMFERESranges.
INFVT RESISTANCE: On the MICRCAMPERES  ranges the input resistance is equal
to 10-3 divided bx&the range in amperes. On the MILLI-MICROAMPERES   ranges
it is equal. to 10 divided by the range in amperes.
RESPONSE SPEED: One second maximum, except on the 0.1~milli-microampere
range, where it Is two seconds maximum.
CURRENT   ZEROswpREss: Up to 100 full scales on any range.                             Accuracy and
stability   are the same as for the voltage zero suppress.
GENERAL
      SPECIFICATIONS
ouTHl*   + volts at five milliemper s for full-scale
         -I.0                                                                   deflection    on any range.
Gain of dc amplifier is from 10 to lG 7 .
     RmT.sTANcE: Less than 10 dms within
OUTPUT                                                         the emplifierpassbend.
60 CFS REJ-EZTION: Greater than 50: 1.
-LNHJl!ISOLATION: Neg8tiVe terminal may be grounded or floating up to +&JO
volts with respect to the case. A link is provided for grounding the negative
terminal to the case.
CONNECTORS:
          Input:  Special receptacle.
          Rear Output: Amphenol 8GPC2Freceptacle.
          Front Output (Model15OAR): Binding posts.
'IUBE COMPLEMENT:TWO~~86, one 0~2, one l2~T'7, two 12~x7, one 12&A, one 5651,
one 6~~6, one 6084.
TOWER:   Lo5-125 v0lt.s   OP   210-250 Mlts,       50 watts,        60   CPS.        50-CPS   models on
special order.
AccEssoRIEs SUPPLIED: Model 1501 Low Thensal Test Leads; a length of low-
thermal solder; mating output plug.
          AVAILABLE: Model 1502 Low Thermal Connector Pair.
ACCESSORIES
DIMENSIONS: Model 15OA: U.-l/6 inches high x 7$ inches wide x ,13* inches deep.
            Model 15OAR: 7 inches high x 19 inches wide x 13 inches deep.
NET WEIGRTz Model 150A: 20 pounds.
            Model 15OAR: 22 pounds.




2-2                                                                                                 0763~
I&XIEL15OA                                                                 OFTRAl'ION


                              SECTIONIII   -   OPElRATION


A.   o-            c0mR0J.s
     The controls of the Modell5OA exe simple and conveniently           placed.
     Their functions are as follows:
          ON switch is located to the right        of the panel meter.
          l?UICTION stitch selects the fkuction which is to be used:          MILLI-
          vom, MIcmvoLm, MICRO-             or MILLI-MICROAMPERES.
          RANGE  switch selects the full scale multiplier of the function
          selected by the IBJNUTION switch. Note that the .3 and .l posi-
          tions are to be used for CURRENT  measurements only.
          ZEIiU SUPPRESScontrols consist of the zero RA!K$E  switch, which
          selects the coarse range of suppressing voltage in discreet steps
          and the zero SET potentiometer, which  gives continuously variable
          fine control, including settings through zero.
B.   PBELrnY        SET-UP
     Connect the instrument to the power line.     Unless otherwise marked the
     unit may be used on IL7 volt, 60 cps line.     To convert to 220-volt
     operation, refer to the MAINTENANCE  section.    Athree-wire    line cord
     is furnished, which grouuds the cabiuet.    If a three-wire   receptacle
     is not available, use the two-pin adapter furuished, and ground the
     third lead to e.n external ground.
     Set controls     as follows:
          FlJfEIIION: MILLIVOLTS
          RANGE: loo0
          .zEm s-s:            OFF
          Inptl~      Short the input leads together.




0763~                                                                              3-l
                                                                    MDDEL 150A

 C.    GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

      1.    Source Resistance       - In SECTION II - SPECIFICATIONS un-
      der INRJT RESISTANCE, the maximum source resistance                for use with
      each voltage     range is specified.        Reasonable operation      is possible
      with source resistance        up to ten times greater      than those specified;
      however, the measurement will        suffer    from a considerable      decrease in
      speed of response, and measuring accuracy.              If the instrument      is
      left  completely     open-circuited,     the meter will    generally     drift   off
      scale on any voltage       range.    On current    ranges this does not happen
      because of the input shunting         resistors.

       2.    Shielding    - Since the instrument       operates with a modulator       fre-
       quency of 120 cps, it is no% generally            sensitive    to 60 cps pickup
      unless it is large enough to overload            the amplifier.      The pickup
      may be a source of difficulty         when using the amplifier        with high
      impedances on the more sensitive          voltage    ranges and on the two or
      three most sensitive       current  ranges.      In these cases it is desirable
      to shield     the leads and the sources as completely            as possible.    In
      some cases a simple low-pass filter            at the input to eliminate      fre-
      quencies of about 1 cps and above will             be helpful.     No use is made
      of an input filter       in this instrument,     since any input series impe-
      dance due to the filter        will increase     the input noise and the thermal
      drift.    When operating      above ground, the case of the instrument           must
      be grounded.

      3.      Thermal E&iF - Extreme precautions     have been taken in the         input
      circuit     to minimize thermal EMF's so that the residual       EMF is       less
      than 0.6 microvolt.       'Ihe material   used in the input circuit     is      pure
      copper.      Any other metal will     generate a thermocouple  potential.
      Lead solder is particularly       troublesome.    Where thermal EMF's         are
      a problem,     soldering  should be done with the cadmium-tin       solder
      supplied with the instrument.

      Ir.    Input   Noise:  The noise at the input        is a function    of input
      resistance     and is approximately given by

                            E   q   1.29 x lo-lo   (R+2000)$

      where E is the rms noise, and R is the source resistance.             It is
      assumed that the bandwidth of the instrument           is about 1 cps and the
      temperature      is SOoF. If noise is observed,       calculate the theoretica
      noise and compare results.         Also bear in mind that only wire-wound
      resistors    approach the ideal resistor.        However, if Evanohm or
      manganin resistors       are used,a considerable    thermal EMF of the re-
      sistor    material   against  copper will   be observed.

      5.     Checking the Zero Point - At low levels,      spurious     E&W's may be
      generated simply by contact between the input leads and the terminals
      under test.     If possible,  always leave the instrument       connected and
      adjust the zero after establishing      a zero reference      in the apparatus
      under test.     For example, in bridge measurements,       disconnect   the
      bridge exciting    voltage;  or with a phototube,    shield the tube from
      light.




3-2                                                                                    0763~
MODEL 150A                                                                                OPERATION


        6.    Overloads  - The current  applied to the input circuit     should be less
        than one milliampere   dc steady state, 10 milliamperes     dc short-term.
        When the FUNCTION switch is on the MILLIVOLTS position,       the off-scale
        impedance can be as low as 10 kilohms.     On the MICROVOLTS position,      it
        may approach 10 ohms.

D.      MEASURING VOLTAGE

        1.    Direct Voltage Measurements - Place the FUNCTION switch at
        MILLIVOLTS or MICROVOLTS as necessary   for the measurement to be taken
        Then turn the RANGE switch to more sensitive   ranges until  the meter
        gives a usable deflection.

        2.    Measuring    Voltage Variations     - Set the FUNCTION switch and RANGE
        switch to obtain     the best deflection     of the meter.    Use the ZERO SUP-
        PRESS controls     as described    in IV-D to increase    the sensitivity  of
        the meter.     Then small changes in a relatively       large steady signal   may
        be displayed    with a large scale deflection.

        3.     Measuring      Differential    Voltages    - When measurements are to be made
        in a circuit      where the LOW connection         is above ground potential,       re-
        move the DISCONNECT LINK from one of its posts.                  This disconnects     the
        instrument     circuit      ground from chassis ground.        DO NOT attempt     to make
        such measurements where the low side of the circuit                  being measured is
        more than 400 volts          above external    ground potential.

        If a recorder    is being used with the instrument   in this arrangement,
        the recorder   ground must not be connected    to the output ground of the
        instrument,   since the low side of the output would no longer be grounded.

E.      MEASURING UNRENT

        Direct   Current    Reading - Turn the FUNCTION switch to MICROAMPERESor
        MILLI-MICROAMPERES, and the RANGE to 1000.       Connect the instrument to
        the current     source and set the RANGE to the range which gives the
        best deflection      of the meter.

        Measuring     Current Variations - Proceed as above for direct    current
        readings,     and then use the ZERO SUPPRESS and SET as described     under
        IV-D.

F.      OTHER APPLICATIONS

        1.     Null   Indicator - The Model 510A makes an extremely           sensitive    null
        indicator     which may be used in a Wheatstone or Mueller           Bridge.

        In a Wheatstone Bridge,     the Model 150A is connected between the two
        resistor   arms.   With the FUNCTION on MILLIVOLTS, and the RANGE on 1000,
        the bridge can be adjusted      to give a zero reading   on the meter.     The
        instrument   can then be set on more sensitive     ranges for finer    adjustments
        of the bridge,*

        *If the bridge      is arranged   so that one terminal    of the detector is
        grounded,     the Model 150A may be used as described       in E. If the
        detector     must be used floating,     remove the DISCONNECT LINK at the
        rear and observe the same precautions         as in D.3.for   measuring
        differential     voltages.

0764R                                                                                               3-3
OPERATION                                                            MODEL 150A


      2. Megohmmeter - The Model 510A may be used to measure resistances,
      utilizing  an external voltage source and measuring the current  which
      flows in the unknown.




3-4                                                                        0764R
MODEL
    I.5OA                                                        CIRCUPP DY&CRIppIoIi




                           SECTION IV - CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION


The Model 150A is basically    a narrow-band chopper amplifier  employing
negative feedback to stabilize    the gain and increase the input impedance.

A.      Input   Circuit

        Zero Stability:      The effect      of thermal W's      generated    in the input
        circuitry    is reduced to nearly the vanishing          point by the use of only
        copper or silver     materials     in the input circuit.       All solder joints
        are made with a low thermal cadmium-tin          solder.      The chopper and
        chopper transformer     employ copper leads.        All switching       in the input
        circuit   is accomplished      with a solid copper switch.         Critical    re-
        sistors   in the input circuit        are wound of copper wire.         The input
        connector has solid copper spring-loaded          contacts.

        The input voltage       is applied to the         moving arm of a 120-cps mechan-
        ical chopper.       The feedback voltage          is connected to the primary
        center tap of the input transformer.                 '%us, the difference    voltage
        is applied    first   across one half of          the primary and then, +th        phase
        reversal,   to the other half.       This       full   wave error signal   is stepped
        up 16 to 1 by the input transformer               and applied   to the grid of VI., a
        608h low-noise      pentode.

B.      AC Amplifier

        In parallel     with the plate       load resistor   of Vl is a relatively     high
        Q, 120 cps resonant     circuit        which narrows the bantiidth     and reduces
        spurious    signals.

        V2 and V3, EF86 pentodes,           further   amplify   the chopped error sipnal
        which is then demodulated           synchronously     by selenium diodes DlOlend
        Dl.02.

        To obtain the 120 cps demodulator           driving   sianal,   use is made of the
        ripple   frequency    from a bridge rectifier       circuit   operating  from the
        line voltage.       The ripple     Js connected to the primary of the de-
        modulator    driver   transformer.

C.      tC Amplifier

        The demodulated signal           is applied   to the grid of VL. Vii, V5, and
        ~6 form the dc amplifier           and output cathode follower             which add
        further    forward gair. to the system and supply              output      power.     Feed-
        back around VL, V5 and V6 multiplies              the effective          capacitance     of
        demodulator     filter     capacitor    Cl13 by about 1000.            This yields     the
        large equivalent         capacitance    necessary    to smcoth the demodulated
        error   signal.       Because of the feedback,         spurious       noise in the dc
        stages outside        the pass band of the whole amplifier                are effectively
        degenerated.




0763~                                                                                       4-l
CIRCUll'      WBXIFTION                                                        MIDELL
                                                                                    150A

 D.        Zero Suppression

           A low-current      *lo volt supply is derived from the main dc supply
           using lo-volt      sener diodes.     Potentiometer   Rl7h may be set at any
           voltage    from -10 to +lO volts,      this voltage   being applied  through ap-
           propriate     dropping resistors     to the feedback point to achieve sero
           suppression.       The potentiometer     is the front panel control    marked
           SET, while switch S3, which detemAnes the portion            fed back, is
           Labeled RANGE.

 E.        Other     Controls

           Three controls       are set at the factory      and should      require   only   infre-
           quent attention       by the user.

           R118 is an internal           control  marked DC AMP BAL. It is used to zero the
           IX amplifier,        i.e.,    to set the output voltage    to sero when the de-
           modulator     output is zero.         This is not very critical     since any unbal-
           ance will     simply be fed back to the inout to produce a small error signal
           to correct      itself.      RlS7is    markedME!WR:CAt.        This is the variable
           portion     of the meter multiplier         resistance  to allow for meter-to-meter
           sensitivity       differneces.

           FCL77,
                marked       CURRENTBALAE!CE, may be set at some voltage which will
           cause a current       to flow through Rl75 to the chopper am. This current
           is used to compensate for a small          generated "chopper current"    which
           would otherwise       flow in the input circuit.       This "chopper current"
           differs    from chopper to chopper,but       is fairly    stable for long periods
           of time.      Its effect    on any current   range could be removed with the
           ZERO SUPPRESS controls,        but the Current Balance method used here gives
           an effective      aero input current    for all ranges.

 F.        Power Supply

           A standard half-wave   rectifier followed  by an R-C filter    is used to
           supply unregulated   B+ and B- to the output cathode follower.

           The unregulated       B- is regulated  to -150 volts       in V7, OA2, and is used
           for the negative       returns  for the dc amplifier.

           Unregulated     B+ is fed to the plate of V8, 12BU, the series tube in a
           225-volt    electronic        regulator.      The output voltage       from this regulator
           is divided     by R510 and P.511 and compared to reference                 tube V9, a 5651.
           The difference         signal    is amplified     by  cascade amplifier       VlO, a 12AX7,
           and applied     to the grid-cathode           circuit     of the series tube.      This
           regulated     225 volts       supplies   Bc directly       to the dc amplifier,     through
           a decoupling      filter       (R176, CllO) to the second and third            ac amplifier
           stages, and through another decoupling                 filter    (R103, ClOh) to the
           first    ac amplifier        stage.

           Regulated  B+ and B- also supply currents     to the 10 volt sener diodes
           which are used for xero suppression.      This gives two-stage  regula-
           tion for these very critical   voltages.

           The first   two ac amplifier  filaments        and the first       dc amplifier    fila-
           ments are driven by a bridge-rectified            6-volt  d.c.     supply.     The R-C
           filter,   R512, C507, and ~5~8, insure         lowripple.



4-2                                                                                            0763
Mom   15oA                                                         MAIAPENAIOCE


                             SECTION V - MAINTENANCE


Except for occasional        tube or chopper replacement, very little   maintenance
is required    by the Models 150A and 15OAR. Components are operated well
below rating     and solid-state    devices are employed where possible   to achieve
long, trouble-free      service.

Certain portions      of the input circuit      are wired using copper wire and special
cadmium-tin   solder.      These special   joints    are painted red.    If, for any
reason, these joints      must be unsoldered       or re-soldered,  USE ONLY CADMIUM-
TIN SOLDER AND A COPPER-TIPPED SOLD!iRING IRON !'bMICH HAS NEVER BEEN USED WITH
ORDINARY LEAD-TIN SOLDER. A small spool of cadmium-tin              solder is supplied
with each instrument.

What may seem to be circuit   failure    in the Micro Volt-Ammeter   is quite        often
found to be an unusual condition      in the entire  test set-up.   Therefore,        be-
fore trouble-shooting  the instrument,      check to see whether it operates         cor-
rectly  with:

               1.     All other circuitry     disconnected.
               2.     Input shorted    (with copper leads).
                3.    Power line voltage     and frequency  correct.

If the difficulty   persists,     the following     systematic   procedure   may be em-
ployed to determine    the fault.

TROUBLE-SHOOTING

Reference    is made to the Schematic Diagram, lZl@8D, and the Voltage-
Resistance     Diagram enclosed at the rear of the manual.

To begin trouble-shooting,     short the input terminals,     strap chassis ground to IO
withthe   link pmvided(Model15OAB         only), and switchRANGE to OFF.& zero off-
set of a few tenths of a microvolt      is noml.     On current    functions with the
input terminals    open but shielded,   it should be possible     to set aero current
with the CURRENTBALANCE control.

EXCESSIVE OUTPUT NOISE (INPUT TmINALS             SHORTED)

Short the input grid of the dc amplifier,          pin 7 of Vk, to ground.     If this
stops the noise,      it is being generated in the ac amplifier.       Unfortunately,
because of the very low signal levels        involved,   noise in the ac amplifier
is difficult     to trace by other than the substitution       method.  Most logical
noise sources are Vl or the chopper.         To replace   the chopper, unplug the
cap at the top, and unscrew the three thumb-screw nuts which clamp             the chop-
per leads.      Unscrew the four chopper mounting screws and lift        out the chopper.
When inserting     the new chopper, make sure that the chopper leads are pressed
against     the copper terminals  and that the insulating      washers are between
the leads and the thumb-screw nuts.        ,Observe wiring    so as to rewire exactly
the same as the original.




                                                                                       5-l
-CE                                                                         M)DEL 15OA


 If the noise persists  after shorti.ng         the dc amplifier       input,   the noise      is
 being generated in the dc amplifier           or power supply.        A stage-by-stage
 search should reveal the source.

 OUTPUT NOT ZERO (INPUT TERMINALS SHORTED)

 Be sure that RAIWE is set       to OFF. Short the clc amplifier   input grid,
 pin 7 of Vh, to ground.        Use the DC AMP BAL control   to set the output to
 zero.  If this cannot be       done, the dc amplifier   or power supply are at
 fault.   If it can be set      to zero, the trouble   may be in the ac amplifier
 or demodulator  circuit.

                             - B+ should be about +225 on pin 1 of ~8 and B-
      Zoui~                  pins 2, h or 7 of v7.         If v7 is not fir&
      correct    the fault   in the unregulated      B-.     If +225 is not pre;ent,
      check for unregulated       B4 (about 3LO vclts)         at the plate pin 9 of
      va.     If the unregulated    Ik is all right,       check the tube pin voltages
      of ~8, V9, and VlO to locate        the faulty     tube or part.

      b.     AC Amplifier      - Remove    the output      tube (~6) and clip      pir 1 of
      the output connector         to ground.        Place the FlJBCTION switch on
      MlLLIVOLTS, and turn the SJECand RANGE controls                  full
      clockwise.     This puts a large dc error signal across the chopper
      and input transformer.            Use an oscilloscope      to check for the
      presence of 120 cps at the primary of the input trsnsformers                      (the
      two outside    terminals       on the chopper terminal        block).      Absence of
      signal means chopper failure            (or much less likely,         shorted input
      transformer).       Listen for audible          chopper action     and check chopper
      drive,   if necessary.

      If the 120 cps signal is present,   check stage-by-stage    throughout
      the ac amplifier,  reducing the input signal as desired by backing
      off the RANGE and/or SET controls,   until the failure   is
      discovered.

      d.    Demodulator     Circuit - Check for presence of about 80 volts -
      at the secondary      of the demodulator  transformer (at the ends of R113
      and Rllh).

      The tests outlined       above will    not suffice   to pin-point     every fault
      which may exist.       They should, however, lead to the correction            of
      common failures.       In the event that troubles        cannot be corrected
      by these means,      or the user finds it more expedient,          the unit may
      be returned     to the factory     for repair    and recalibration     at a
      nominal cost.

 220-VOLT OPERATION

For 220~volt   operation    the power     transformer  primary connections       must be
changed.    The jumpers connecting        black and black-white     together    and blue
and blue-white    should be removed.         The blue and black-white      leads should
be tied together.     Replaos the 1.5 tuapere fuse (Keith&y           part m-8) with
a 0.75 ampere fuse (Kaithley          part W-14).




5-B
MODELS 150A,     15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS                                              REPLACEABLE PARTS



                                 SECTION 6.     REPLACEABLE PARTS


6-1.   REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST.      The Replaceable     Parts List describes     the com-
ponents of the Models 150A and 15OAR Microvolt-Ammeters           and their   accessories.
The List gives the circuit     designation,   the part description,      a suggested
manufacturer,  the manufacturer's      part number and the Keithley      Part Number.
The name and address of the manufacturers        listed   in the "Mfg. Code" column
are contained  in Table 2.


6-2.    HOWTO ORDER PARTS.

    a.   For parts orders,    include    the instrument's       model and serial      number, the
Keithley    Part Number, the circuit        designation      and a description     of the part.
All structural     parts and those parts coded for Keithley              manufacture    (80164)
must be ordered from Keithley         Instruments,      Inc.    In ordering    a part not
listed    in the Replaceable     Parts List,     completely     describe    the part,   its
function    and its location.

  b.    Order parts through     your nearest     Keithley        distributor       or the      Sales
Service   Department,  Keithley     Instruments,      Inc.


aP              ampere                                       n                 Ohm

CbVar           Carbon Variable                              FMC               Paper, metal        cased
CerD            Ceramic, Disc                                Poly              Polystyrene
camp            composition                                  P                 pica (10-12)

DCb             Deposited        Carbon                      Spec              Special

ETB              Electrolytic,       tubular                 w                 micro      (10-6)

f               farad                                        v                 volt
                                                             Var               Variable
k               kilo     (103)
                                                             w                 watt
M or meg        mega (106) or megohms                        ww                Wirewound
m               milli    (10-3)                              WWVar             Wirewound       Variable
Mfg.            Manufacturer
MtF             Metal Film
Mil. No.        Military     Type Number
rs              Mylar


                       TABLE 1.     Abbreviations   and Symbols.




0764R                                                                                                      6-l
REPLACEABLE PARTS                                                MODELS 150A,       15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS


                                   MODELS 150A, 15OAR REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST
                     (Refer     to Schematic Diagram 12188D for circuit designations.)

                                                          CAPACITORS

Circuit                                                            Mfg.      Mfg.            Keithley
Desig.                  Value               Rating        Type     Code      Part   No.      Part No.

Cl01                   ".047-.33     pf     200 v         MY       00656     V84C-V161       C29-$<
Cl02                     4.7 IJf            10 v          ETB      05397     K4R7-JlOS       C71-4.7M
Cl03                     .1 pf              200 v         PMC      00656     P82-Z           C18-.lM
Cl04                     20 IJ.f            450 v         ETB      56289     TVA1709         C8-20L
Cl05                     .l pf              400 v         MY       00656     V84C-V161'      C30-.lM

Cl06      (60 cps)      .0082 pf            100 v         Poly     84171     PE              C45-.0082M
Cl06      (50 cps)      .0122 pf            100 "         Poly     84171     PE              C45-.0122M
Cl07                    4.7 wf              10 "          ETB      05397     K4R7-JlOS       C71-4.7M
Cl08                    .Ol pf              600 v         CerD     72982     811Z5VlO3P      C22-.OlM
Cl09                    .l pf               200 "         PMC      00656     P82-Z           Cl%.lM
Cl10                    20 pf               450 v         ETB      56289     TVA-1709        C8-20L

Cl11                    4.7 pf              10 "          ETB      05397     K4R7-JlOS       C71-4.7M
Cl12                    .l pf               400 v         MY       00656     V84C-V161       C30-.lM
Cl13                      333 If            200 "         MY       00656     V84C-V161       C29-.333M
Cl14                    :001 pf             600 v         CerD     72982     80125V102P      CZZ-.OOlM
Cl15                    .0047 Kf            600 v         CerD     72982     811Z5V472P      C22-.0047M

Cl16                    .OOl bf             600 v         CerD     72982     80125VlO2P C22-.OOlM
Cl17      (50 cps)      .0047 I*f           600 v         CerD     72982     811Z5V472P C22-.0047M

c501                    20    pf            600    v      ETB     00656      PRS-1890        C35-20M
C502                    20    pf            450    v      ETB     56289      TVA1709         C8-20L
c503                    20    vf            600    v      ETB     00656      PRS-1890        C35-20M
c504                    .Ol     wf          600    v      CerD    72982      811Z5VlO3P      C22-.OlM
c505                    20    pf            450    "      ETB     56289      TVA1709         C8-20L

C506                   "0.5 I*f             600 v         MY       14655     PM-65P          C92-0.5M
c507                     1000 pf            12 v          ETB      83125     TDlOOO-15       Cll-1000M
C508                     1000 pf            12 v          ETB      83125     TDlOOO-15       Cll-1000M
c509                     .1 I.lf            400 v         MY       14655     PM-65P          C30-.lM

                                                               DIODES

Circuit                                                              Mfg.                 Keithley
Desig.                  Type                     Number              Code                 Part No.

DlOl                    Selenium                 5Ul                 81483                RF-15
D102                    Selenium                 5Ul                 81483                RF-15
D103                    Zener                    lN71p;              12954                DZ-2.1
D104                    Zener                    lN71,W              12954                DZ-2,X
D105                    Selenium                 PT065               81483                RF-18


Nominal       value,     factory     selected.



6-2                                                                                                       0764R
MODELS 150A,        15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS                                          REPLACEABLE PARTS


                                          DIODES (Cont'd)

Circuit                                                             Mfg.           Keithley
Desig.               Type                     Number                Code           Part No.

D106                 Selenium                 PT065                 81483          RF-18
D107                 Sf?leIliUm               PT065                 81483          RF-18
D108                 Selenium                 PT065                 81483          RF-18
D109                 Selenium                 PT065                 81483          RF-18
DllO                 Selenium                 PT065                 81483          RF-18

Dill                 Selenium      Bridge     ClB                   81483          RF-7

                                    MTSCELLANEOUSPARTS

Circuit                                                                    Mfg.      Keithley
Desig.                        Description                                  Code      Part No.

Fl (117 v)           Fuse, 1.5 amp, 3 AG                                   75915     FU-8
Fl (234 v)           Fuse, 0.75 amp, 3 AG                                  75915     FU-14
---                  Fuse Holder (Mfg:No.               34201)             75914     FH-3

Gl (60 cps)          Chopper                                               80164     cv-2
Gl (50 cps)          Chopper                                               80164     cv-3

Jl                   Receptacle  Assembly, Input                           80164     12450B
--_                  Plug, Special,  Mate of Jl                            80164     13011B

s2                   Receptacle,   Microphone,   OUTPUT
                      mfg.    NO. 80P~2~)                                  02660     CS-32
---                  Plug, Microphone,     Mate of 52
                      (Mfg. NO. 80~~2.0                                    02660     cs-33

--(r)                Binding  Post OUTPUT (Mfg. No.
                      DF21RC)                                              58474     BP-11R
--(r)                Binding  Post, LO (Mfg. No.
                      DFZlBC)                                              58474     BP-11B
--CT)                Binding  Post, G (Mfg. No.
                      DFZlBC)                                              58474     BP-11B

--(r)                Shorting      Link     (Mfg.     No. 938-L)           24655     BP-6

Ll                   Choke,      200 hy                                    80164     m-1

M                    Meter                                                 80164     ME-14
---                  Meter      Lamp (Mfg.         No. 323)                08804     PL-1

Pl                   Power Cord, 6 feet              (Mfg.    No.
                      4638-13)                                             82879     co-2
---                  Cable Clamp                                           80164     cc-7

Sl                   Rotary Switch          less     components,
                      FUh'CTION                                            80164     SW-56A

 (r)    Used only    on Model     15OAR.


0764R                                                                                              6-3
REPLACEABLE PARTS                                               MODELS 150A,    150AR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS
                                            MISCELLANEOUS PARTS (Cont'd)

Circuit                                                                         Mfg.      Keithley
Desig.                        Description                                       Code      Part No.
---         Rotary         Switch with components,               FUNCTION       80164     12914B
---         Skirted         Knob, Function Switch                               80164     m-11

s2          Rotary        Switch     less       components,      RANGE          80164     SW-54
            Rotary        Switch     with components,            Range          80164     12310B
---         Skirted        Knob,     Range Switch                               80164     l-w-10

53         Rotary Switch less                   components,      ZERO
            SUPPRESS Range                                                      80164     SW-58
---        Rotary Switch with                   components,      Zero
            Suppress,  Range                                                    80164     12311B
---        Skirted  Knob, Zero                  Suppress      Range Switch      80164     la- 10

---         Skirted   Knob,          Zero       Suppress      Set Poten-
             tiometer                                                           80164     KN-17

s4         Toggle Switch,              DPDT, ON (Mfg.           No.
            20905-FR)                                                           04009     SW-14

Tl         Power Transformer                                                    80164     TR-27
T2         Demodulator   Transformer                                            80164     'IX-26
T3         Input Transformer                                                    80164     TR-28

                                                              RESISTORS

Circuit                                                               Mfg.     Mfg.       Keithley
Desig.     Value              Rating                  5Pe             Code     Part No.   Part No.

RlOl       33 k-l             lO%,     l/2 w          Comp            01121    EB         Rl-33K
R102       2m                 l%,    1 w              MtF             75042    MEF        R44-2M
R103       47 kn              lO%,     l/2 w          camp            01121    EB         Rl-47K
R104       l?%l               l%,    l/2 w            DCb             79727    CFE-15     RlZ-1M
R105       3.3 a-l            lO%,     l/2 w          camp            01121    EB         Rl-3.3M

R106       1m                 l%,    l/2 w            DCb             79727    CFE-15     RlZ-1M
R107       22 krl             lO%,     l/2 w          Comp            01121    EB         Rl-22K
R108       3.3 im             lO%,     l/2 w          Comp            01121    EB         Rl-3.3M
R109       1m                 lO%,     l/2 w          Comp            01121    EB         Rl-1M
RllO       22 kn              lO%,     l/2 w          camp            01121    EB         Rl-22K

Rlll       ll%                l%,    l/2    w         DCb             79727    CFE-15     RLZ-1M
R112      x200     k!J.       l%,    l/2    w         DCb             79727    CFE-15     RLZ-200K
R113       100     Ilc2       l%,    l/2    w         DCb             79727    CFE-15     RLZ-100K
R114       100     kn         l%,    l/2    w         DCb             79727    CFE-15     RlZ-100K
R115       1.2     m          l%,    l/2    w         DCb             79727    CFE-15     R12-1.2M

R116       470     kn         l%,    l/2 w           DCb              79727    CFE-15     Rl2-470K
R117       333     kn         l%,    l/2 w           DCb              79727    CFE-15     RlZ-333K
R118       500     kfl        lO%,     2 w           CbVar            01121    553034     RP5-500K
R119       680     kn         l%,    112 w           DCb              79727    CFE-15     RLZ-680K
R120       3.3     8-l        l%,    l/2 w           DCb              79727    CFE-15     RlZ-3.3M
timnina   value,         factory     selected.

6-4                                                                                                  0764R
 MODELS 150A,       15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS                                               REPLACEABLE PARTS



                                   RESISTORS (Cont'd)

 Circuit                                                      Mfg.           Mfg.          Keithley
 Desig.         Value       Rating               TYPO         Code           Part    No.   Part No.

 R121           2.2 T-m     l%,    l/2     w                  79727          CFE-15        R12-2.2M
 R122           62 kn       l%,    1 "           DCb          91637          DCF-1         R13-62K
 R123           100 kfi     l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-100K
 R124           1m          l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-1M
 R125           1Kl         l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-1M

 R126           30 kc?      5%, 10 w             ww           63743          10F           R5-30K
 R127           10 kn       lO%, 2 w             War          71450          WPIOK         RP9-1OK
 R128           95.3 kn     l%, 1 "              MtF          75042          CEC           R94-95.3K
 R129           Not Used
 R130           Not Used

 R131            Not Used
 R132            Not Used
 R133          '1220 kn     lO%, l/2        w    camp         01121          EB            Rl-220K
 R134         ~~10 n        1%                   wspec        80164                        Rl8-18-10
 R135         Ml0 kn        1%                   wwspec       80164                        R18-18-10K

 R136           1.11 kn     l%, l/2 "            DCbSpec      80164                        R38-l.llK
 R137           100 kn      l%, 112 "            DCbSpec      80164                        R38-100K
 R138           10 h-l      5%,                  wwspec       80164                        R18-19-10K
 R139           Not Used
 R140           10 kn       l%, l/2        w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-10K

 R141           3.33 kc2    l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-3.33K
 R142           lk0         l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-1K
 R143           333 cl      l%,    l/2     "     ww           01686          7020          R48-333
 R144           100 n       l%,    l/2     "     ww           01686          7020          R48-100
 R145           33.3 n      l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-33.3

 R146            10 n       l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        R12-10
 R147          "3.3311      l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        Rl2-3.33
 R148          x1.0 n       l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        R12-1.0
 R149            1Wl        l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-1M
 R150            333 kQ     l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-333K

 R151           100 kc)     l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-100K
 Rl52           33.3 ka     l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-33.3K
 R153           500 R       l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-500
 R154           500 n       l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-500
 R155           10 m        l%,    1 w           DCb          91637          DCF-1         R13-10M

 R156           3.3 wl      lO%,     l/2     w   camp         01121          EB            Rl-3.3M
 R157           1Wl         l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-1M
 R158           333 kn      l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-333K
 Rl59           99 kcl      l%,    l/2     w     DCb          79727          CFE-15        RlZ-99K
 R160           32.3 kn     l%,    l/2     "     DCb          79727          CFE-15        Rl2-32.3K

  *Nominal     value,  factory selected.
**Resistors       R134 and R135 are matched            to l/2%.      Order    only    as a pair.


 0764R                                                                                                  6-5
REPLACEABLE PARTS                                                MODELS 150A,   150AR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS



                                                         RESISTORS (Cont'd)

Circuit                                                            Mfg.       Mfg.         Keithley
Desig.           Value               Rating              TYPO      Code       Part   No.   Part No.

R161             9kQ                 l%,    II2 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-9K
R162             100 krl             lO%,     l/2 w      Comp      01121      EB           Rl-ZOOK
R163             390 kn              lO%,     112 w      camp      01121      EB           Rl-390K
R164             100 kn              lO%,     l/2 w      camp      01121      EB           Rl-100K
R165             47 kfl              lO%,     112 w      camp      01121      EB           N-4X

R166             15     krl          lO%, l/2 w          camp      01121      EB           Rl-15K
R167             4.7     ksl         lO%, l/2 w          Comp      01121      EB           Rl-4.7K
RL68             5.6     ksl         LO%, I.12 w         camp      01121      EB           Rl-5.6K
R169             2.2     kn          lO%, l/2 w          camp      01121      EB           Rl-2.2K
R170             llcn                l%, 112 w           DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-1K

R171             1m                  l%,    l/2 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-1M
R172             100 kcl             l%,    112 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       R12-100K
R173             9 kn                l%,    l/2 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-9K
R174             10 kn               3%,    5 w          WWVar     73138      A-RlOK-      RP4-1OK
                                                                               125
R175             100 I-Q             l%,    2 w          DCb       91637      DC- 2        R14-1OOM

R176             10     k            lO%,     l/2 w      camp      01121      EB           Rl-1OK
R177             10     kfl          lO%,     2 w        WWVar     71450      WPLOK        RP9-1OK
R178             75     ko           l%,    l/2 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       R12-75K
R179             75     ksl          l%,    l/2 w        DCb       79727      CFE-15       R12-75K
R180             30     kn           5%,    10 w         ww        63743      10F          R5-30K

R181          **100 kn               l%, 1/4 w           ww        80164                   RlB-21-100K
R182          Ml I$                  l%, II2 w           DCb       79727      CFE-15       RI?.-1M
R183            *1 M                 lO%, l/2 w          Comp      01121      EB           Rl- 1M
R184            *82 n                l%, I./2 w          DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-82

R501             100 n              lO%, 2      w        Comp      01121      HB           R3- 100
R502             100 R              lO%, 2      w        camp      01121      HB           R3- 100
R503             5 kn               5%, 10      w        ww        44655      BLUME        RS-5K
R504             5kil               5%, 10      w        ww        44655      BLUME        R5-5K
R505             22 kQ              lO%, 2      w        camp      01121      HB           R3- 22K

R.506            10 m               lO%,      1/z    w   Comp      01121      EB           Rl- 10M
R507             220 ko             l%,     l/2     w    DCb       79727      CFE-15       R12-220K
R508             33 kn              lO%,      l/2    w   Comp      01121      EB           RI-33K
R509             33 kG              lO%,      l/2    w   camp      01121      EB           RI-33K
R.510            1m                 l%,     l/2     w    DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-1M

R511             600 kn             l%, II2 w            DCb       79727      CFE-15       RlZ-600K
R512             6n                 lO%, 5 w             ww        44655      4654         R4-6



     +c Nominal value,         factory        selected.
ek      Not  usually   in      instrument         but supplied   upon request



6-6                                                                                                      0764R
-MODELS 150A,     &SOAR MICROVOLT-AMMETER                                      REPLACEABLE PARTS


                                         VACUUM TUBES

Circuit                                         Mfg.             Keithley
Desig.                     NUmber               Code             Part No.

Vl                         6084                 73445            EV-6084/E80F
V2                         BF86                 73445            EV-EF86/6267
v3                         EF86                 73445            Ev-EF86/6267
V4                         12Ax7                73445            EV-12Ax7
v5                         12AT7                73445            EV-12AT7

V6                          6~~6                00011            m- 6~~6
V7                      *WA2                    80164            BV-OA2
V8                          12B4A               85599            EV-12B4A
v9                      **5651                  80164            m-5651
VlO                         12AX7               73445            EV-12AX7

                           MODEL 1501 REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST

                                                                      Mfg.                 Keithley
          Description                                                 Code                 Part No.

Plug Assembly                                                         80164                13011B
Cable, 48 inches,          Vinyl, shielded                            86696                SC-5
Alligator Clamps,          (2), (Mfg. No. 6OC5)                       76545                AC-8

                           MODEL 1502 REPLACEABLE PARTS LIST

                                                                      Mfg.                 Keithley
          Description                                                 Code                 Part No.

Plug Assembly                                                         80164                13011B
Cable, 10 feet,         Vinyl,      shielded                          86696                SC-5



*     Specially     aged tubes.

00011     Sylvania    Electric   Products,    Inc.      02660   Amphenol-Borg  Electronics          Corp.
          Buffalo    Operations   of Sylvania                   Broadview Chicago,    Illinois
          Electronic     Systems
          Buffalo,    N. Y.                             04009   Arrow-Hart    and Hegeman Elec-
                                                                 tric    Co.
00656     Aerovox Corp.                                         Hartford,    Corm.
          New Bedford,  Mass.
                                                        05397   Kemet Co.
01121     Allen-Bradley     Corp.                               Cleveland,     Ohio
          Milwaukee,    Wis.
                                                        08804   Lamp Metals and Components
01686     RCL Electronics,    Inc.                              Department  G. E. Co.
          Riverside.    N. J.                                   Cleveland,  Ohio

TABLE 2 (Sheet          1).  Code List of Suggested Manufacturers.           (Based   on
Federal Supply          Code for Manufacturers,  Cataloging  Handbook        H4-1.)



0764R                                                                                            6-7,
REPLACEABLE PARTS                                              MODELS 150A,   15OAR MICROVOLT-AMMETERS


12954   Dickson Electronics             Corp.                     75915   Littelfuse,        Inc.
        Scottsdale,   Ariz.                                               Des Plaines,         Ill.

14655   Cornell-Dubilier           Electric         Corp.         76545   M.zeller   Electric           Co.
        Newark, N. J.                                                     Cleveland,     Ohio

24655   General Radio          Co.                                79727   Continental-Wirt              Electronics        Coq
        West Concord,          Mass.                                      Philadelphia,          Pa.

44655   Ohmite Mfg.         Co.                                   80164   Keithley   Instruments,               Inc.
        Skokie, Ill.                                                      Cleveland,    Ohio

56289   Sprague Electric  Co.                                     81483   International        Rectifier           Corp.
        North Adams, Mass.                                                El Segundo,        Calif.

58474   Superior        Electric    Co.,      The                 82879   Royal Electric      Corp.
        Bristol,        Corm.                                             Pawtucket,    R. I.

63743   Ward Leonard Electric               Co.                   83125   General Instrument              Corp.
        Mount Vernon, N. Y.                                               Capacitor   Division
                                                                          Darlington,    S. C.
71450   CTS Corp.
        Elkhart,  Ind.                                            84171   Arm Electronics,  Inc.
                                                                          Great Neck, N. Y.
72982   Erie Technological             Products,        Inc.
        Erie, Pa.                                                 85599   Tube Department  G. E. Co.
                                                                          Schenectady,  N. Y.
73138   Helipot    Division    of
        Beckman Instruments,               Inc.                   86696   Radix Wire      Co.
        Fullerton,      Calif,                                            Cleveland,      Ohio

73445   Amperex Electronic   Co. Division  of                     91637   Dale Electronics,              Inc.
        North American Philips   Co., Inc.                                Columbus, Nebr.
        Hicksville,   N. Y.

75042   International          Resistance         Co.
        Philadelphia,          Pa.


TABLE 2 (Sheet 2).  Code List                 of Suggested Manufacturers.            (Based           on Federal
Supply Code for Manufacturers,                 Cataloging  Handbook H4-1.)




6-8                                                                                                             0764R



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