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28263B(Model174)


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                INSTRUCTION MANUAL

                    MODEL 174

                DIGITAL MULTIMETER




     COPYRIGHT, 1977, KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC.
THIRD PRINTING, AUGUST, 1980, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A.
               DOCUMENTNO. 28263, REV. 8
                                                                                                                                                            INSTRUCTION                                 MANUAL
                                                                                                                                                                                          Digital       Multlmeter
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Model 174


                                                                                              CONTENTS


     kction                                                                                                                                                                                                 Page

     :ONTENTS.
       LLUSTRATlbNs           : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :                                                                   :   :   :    :        :   :       :   :         :   :   :   i;i
     iPECIFICATIONS.             ..................................                                                                                                                                         iv
        .  GENERAL INFORMATION                         ..............................                                                                                                                       l-l
           I-1.        INTRODUCTION.                   ..............................                                                                                                                       I'-1
           l-2.        FEATURES.                                                                                                                                                                            l-l
           l-3.       WARRANTY INF6RMA;I6N:                                  : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :                                      :   :   :    :        :   :       :   :      :      :   :   l-l
           l-4.       CHANGE NOTICE                    ..............................                                                                                                                     l-1
     ..    INITIAL         PREPARATION                 ..............                                                                                                     .....                           2-1
           2-l.       GENERAL .................                                                                                     : : : : :   :   :   ...........                                       2-l
           2-2.        INSPECTION.                ..         ..............................................                                                                                               2-l
           2-3.       PREPARl iTION              FOR USE                                                                                                                      ,:      :      :      :   : 2-l
           o---   .- .._         .
     i.      FtKAIlNti        INSTRUCTIONS.                       ............................                                                                                                              3-l
           3-l.       G~iENERAL ....................                                                                                                                                                        3-l
           3-2.       HOW TO SELEC-         --T        POWER.                ..........................                                                                                                     3-1
           3-3.       HOW TO SELECT FUNCTION.                                      .........................                                                          3-3
           3-4.       HOW TO SELECT RANGE ...........................                                                                                                 3-5
           3-5.       HOW TO MEASURE VOLTAGE.                                      ........                                                                           3-6
           3-6.       HOW TO MEASURE RESISTANCE                                          .......                               : : : : : :      : : : : : : : : : : : 3-8
           3-J.      HOW TO MEASURE CURRENT.                                       .                                                                                                                .   . 3-9
           3-8.       FURTHER MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATiOk:                                                            : : : : : : : :             :   :   :    :    :       :       :   :      :      .   . 3-g
     ..   ACCESSORIES            ..................................                                                                                                                                       4-l
           4-l.       G,ENERAL .-z,         ................................
                        ,^__.
           4-2.       MuutL       I/ZU KECHAKG---~~---EABLE                       BATTERY PACK.                          .................                                                              . 2
           4-3.       MODEL II722 DIGITAL                            INTERFACE.                    ......................                                                                                   4-6
           4-4.       RACK MC    XJNTING                                                                                                                                                                  4-21
           4-5.       PROBES AND SHUNTi                           : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :                                             :   :   :    :    :       :   :       :      :      :   : 4-23
          4-6.        CONVENIENCE                CABLES AND CONNECTORS ....................                                                                                                               4-24
          4-7.        LOW-THERMAL                CABLES.                .                                                                                                                                 4-24
                     MODEL 1727 DIGITAL                             OUThi               cAeLE iE+                  ' ' ' ' : : : :              :   :   .    * *          * '         '     '       '   : 4-24
          ;I,":      MODEL 1743 MAINTENANCE                                    KIT.           ....                 : : : : ......                       :    : :          : :         :     :       :   . 4-26
          4-10.      MODEL 1723 IEEE INTERFACE                                          ........................                                                                                          4-25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                   !




ii                                                                                                                                                                                                                 AA
    INSTRUCTION             MANUAL
    Dlgllel Mulllmeler
    Model 174

                                                                 CONTENTS       (Cont'd)


     #ection                                                                                                                                                      Page

15 .        THEORY OF OPERATION                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                          .   .     .   .   .                                     5-l
            5-l.   GENERAL.........................::::::::5-,
            5-2.   SIGNALFLOW...............................                                                                                                       5-l
            5-3.   SWITCHING         (Schematic                27935E). . . . . . . . . .                  . . . .                                               . 5-2
            5-4.   NANOVOLT PREAMP (Schematic                           279370 E block     diagram,                Figur;        i2.j       :   :   :   :   :    . 5-4
                   MODEL 1740 AC OPTION                        (Schematic       279440)                                            .                               5-5
                   MODEL 1744 OHMS OPTION                         (Schematic      27941Cj : : :            : : : : : : : 1 : : : : .                               5-8
                   MODEL 1745 AMMETER OPTION                           (Schematic     2794OC). .                                   .                               5-12
            5-8.   ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL                       CONVERTER (Schematic         2J936F).           : : : : : : : : : : : : ,                               5-12
            5-9.   DISPLAY     BOARD (Schematic                      279391)). .                                                   .                               5-21
            5-10.  DIGITAL     BOARD (Schematic                      28209E).     . : : : : : :            :   :    :    :   :   :      :   :   1 :     :   :    . 5-23
            5-l I. POWER SUPPLY (Schematic                         279380)      . . . . . . . .            .   .    .    .                                         5-25
            MAINTENANCE    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                       .   .    .    .   :   :      :   :   :   :   :   :    : 6-1
        '   6-1.   GENERAL.................................6-I
            6-2.   REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT                          . . . . . . . . . . . .                .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   .   ,   .   .    . 6-1
            6-3.   PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION        . . . .                   , ,    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   , .     . ,      . 6-1
            6-4.   ADJUSTMENT/CALIBRATION        PROCEDURE                   . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      ,   .   . .     . .      . 6-g
            6-5.   TROUBLESHOOTING.        . . . . . . . .                   . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    ,    .   .   .      .   .   . .     . .      . 6-21
    7       REPLACEABLE   PARTS.      . . . . . . . . . .                    . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   . .     . .      . 7-l
        *   J-l.   GENERAL......             . . . . . . .                   . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   . .     ...7-I
            7-2.   ORDERING      INFORMATION   . . . . . .                   . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   . .     . .      . 7-l
            7-3.   SCHEMATICS       . . , . . . . . . . .                    . .    .      .   .   .   .   .   .    .    .   .   .      .   .   . .     . .      . 7-l




i




    AA                                                                                                                                                                    ii;
                                                                                                                                               INSTRUCTION                      MANUAL
                                                                                                                                                                    Dlgital     Multlmeter
                                                                                                                                                                                    Model174


                                                                            ILLUSTRATIONS


     igure   No.   Title                                                                                                                                                             Page
      I            Dimensional              Data      ...........................                                                                                                      v
      2            Rear Panel             Connections                 ........................                                                                                         1-2
                   View of Chassis                 With         Cover            Removed                 . .                                                                           1-4
      T,            Installation              of Models               1740, 1744,                        1745:            : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :                                2-3
                   Typical          Display         For Non-Valid                         Function                  ................                                                   3-2
      65           Front        Panel       Controls           and Input                    Terminals                     ...............                                              3-4
                   Manual         Ranging         on the Model                      174. ...................                                                                           3-5
      ii           Model        1728 Rechargeable                       Battery                Pack           .................                                                        4-3
      9             Installation              of Model             1728 ......................                                                                                         4-4
      IO            Installation              of Model             1722 Digital                         Interface                    .............                                     4-7
      Ila          Connector            Pin     Identification                        For Model                     174/1722.                   ...........                            4-9
      lib          Connector            Pin     Identification                        For Model                     174/1722.                   ...........                            4- I(
                    Installation              of Model             1722 Digital                         Interface                    .............                                     4- 11
      6            Location           of Jumpers             t Pull-Ups                     For Model                    1722. ............                                            4-l:
      14           Model        1722 Block           Diagram               .......................                                                                                     4-I(
      15           Model        1007 Dual          Rack Mounting                         Kit.           ..................                                                             4- 2C
      16           Model        2000 Rack Mounting                         Kit         .....................                                                                           4-2;
      17           Model 1746A Low-Thermal                           Shorting                  Plug           .................                                                        4-Z:
      18           Model       1747A Low-Thermal                     Cable            Set         ...................                                                                  4-Z!
      I9           Model        1743 Maintenance                     Kit         ......................                                                                                4-2;
      20           Typical          Installation               of Extender                        Card on Model                            1722.           .........                   4-2t
      21           Diagram         of Signal            Flow          ........................                                                                                         5-l
      22           Simplified            Diagram          of Nanovolt                       Preamp.                 ................                                                   5-4
      23           Diagram         of AC Attenator                       (Model             1740) .................                                                                    5-5
      24           Diagram         of AC/DC Converter                            (Model              1740).              ...............                                               5-7
                   Simplified             Diagram         of Model                  1744 Ohms Option                                 .............                                     5-9
      2            Detailed           Diagram        of Model                 1744 Ohms Option                                 ..............                                          5-IC
      27           Basic        Functional           Blocks             of A/O Converter                                 ...............                                               5-1:
      28           Basic       Charge         Balance          Converter                     ....................                                                                      5-IL
                   Operating            Waveforms           of A/D Converter                                  .................                                                        5-11
      ::           Simplified            Schematic              .........................                                                                                              5-1;
                   Simplified            Diagram         of Complete                        A/O Converter                            .............                                     5-2C
      ::           A/O Converter                System         Timing.                 .....................                                                                           5-21
                   Digital         Display         Multiplex                 Scheme               ...................                                                                  5- 2i
      ;t           Test       Circuit         For 30 mV DC Accuracy                                    Check             ...............                                               6-3
      35           Test       Circuit         For 3uA Verification.                                     ..................                                                             6-7
      36           Model        I74 Top View With Cover Removed.                                                    ................                                                   6-1~
      37           Model        I74 Calibration                   Adjustments.                          ..................                                                             6-11
      38           Waveform           For A/D Calibration                             .....................                                                                            6-11
                   Model        I74 Chassis            Assembly                  ......................                                                                                6-25
      2'0          Model        I74 Bottom           Cover           Assembly.                                                                                                         6-21
      41           Component            Layout,        PC-412              (Part            I). .......................                                              : : 1 : : : :     7-53
                   Component            Layout,        PC-412              (Part            2).         ..................                                                            7-54
     ::            Component            Layout,        PC-421              .......................                                                                                    7-57
                   Component            Layout,        PC-410              .......................                                                                                    7-58
     2:            Component            Layout,        PC-414              .......................                                                                                    7-59
                   Component            Layout,        PC-408              .......................                                                                                    7-60
     :;            Component              Layout,           ~~-409          .......................                                                                                   7-61
      48           Componen          r.   Layout,          Model          1728       .....................                                                                            7-62
      49           Component              Layout,          Model          1722,        Upper           Board      (PC-415)             . * * . . * . + '                        '     7-67
      50           Component              Layout,          Model          1722,        Lower           Board      (PC-416)             * * * * . * * ' '                        *     J-65

iv                                                                                                                                                                                             BB
                                                                                                INSTRUCTION               MANUAL
                                                                                                                Dlgital   MullimeIer
                                                                                                                          Model      174


                                                       SPECIFICATIONS



                                          AS AN AUTOJMANUAL   RANGINQ   DC VOLTMETER




     WITI AUTO/MANUAL   RANGING   AC VOLTAGE OPTION ,740           ASANACAMMSTER       WlTHOPTlONSl740ANO~7~5




vi                                                                                                                                 AA
INSTRUCTION        MANUAL
DigItat MultImeter
Model   174




                                     8.5"    (217mm)
                    t
                    I




                            FIGURE   I.     Dimensional   Data.
INSTRUCTION        MANUAL                                                                                                  GENERAL           INFORMATION
DigItal MultImeter
Model         174


                                                           SECTION         I.    GENERAL       INFORMATION



l-l.      INTRODUCTION.                       The Model   174 Digital               Multimeter          is   a wide-range,         general       purpose
measuring      instrument,                      capable of measuring                ac/dc      voltage,       ac/dc     current,      and     resistance.

 l-2.              FEATURES.

        a.         Standard
             I.       Sensitivity      to 0.1 microvolt        dc.
             2.       30000   count    display    for  high    resolution.
                      0.013%   basic     dc accuracy
             t :      Manual,    automatic     or remote     ranging.
             5.       Lo to CASE isolation          to 10'0.

        b.         Optional.
             1.       Model         1728   Rechargeable          Battery        Pack.
                      Model         1722   Digital      Interface.
             ;:       Model         1723   IEEE Iriterface.
                      Model         1740   AC Option.
             5:       Model         1744   Ohmmeter       Option.
             6.       Model         1745   Ammeter      Option.


l-3.   WARRANTY INFORMATION.         The warranty          is stated      on the      inside      front     cover                              of    the
manua I .    If there    is a need for   service,        contact     your    Keithley        representative                                    or    author-
ized  repair    facility    as given   on the     inside      front    cover     of this      manual.

 l-4.  CHANGE NOTICE.      Improvements                             or changes           to     the   instrument         not  incorporated           into
the manual  will  be explained      on                           a change  notice             sheet     attached       to the     inside      back     cover
of the manual.




                                                                                IMPORTANT

             The A       symbol      can be found    in various    places      in this     Instruction       Manual.        Care-
             fully     read     the associated     CAUTION statements         with    regard      to proper     use and hand-
             ling    of the       instrument.     Damage    to the   instrument       may occur        if these    precautions
             are   ignored.

             The\              symbol      can be found          in various    places     in the      Instruction              Manual.       This
             symbol            indicates         those     areas   on the   instrument       which     are     potential            shock    hazards.
             Carefully              read     the associated         WARNING    statements        with    regard       to       proper     use and
             handling             of the       instrument.         Serious    personal      injury     may result              if these      pre-
             cautions             are    ignored.




                                                                                                                                                               1-l
AA
GENERAL           INFORMATION                                                           INSTRUCTION        MANUAL
                                                                                                 Digital   Multimeter
                                                                                                           Model        174




                                               3mV DC,
                    REMOVE TOP COVER          30mV DC,                 CONNECTION  TO
       'HILLIPS     TO GAIN ACCESS             ANALOG                  MODEL 1722 OR            PHILLIPS
       iCREWS       TO CHASSIS   (4 SCREWS)    OUTPUT                  1723 INTERFACE           SCREWS




                                                                    LINE             LiNE
                                                                    FUSE            INPUT
                                                                    F401             P405




                                     FIGURE   2.   Rear   Panel   Connections.


 l-2                                                                                                                    AA
INSTRUCTION        MANUAL                                                                                                    GENERAL                   INFORMATION
Dlgltat MultImeter
Model     174



                                                                             TABLE    I-l
                                                      Summary       of    Options     and       Accessories


  ptions:                                                                            Remarks:

     Model      1740    AC Option                                                    Factory        or Field-Installed.                           To    field-
                                                                                     install,         refer    to Section                  2,     paragrap"             2-3~

     Model      1744    Ohmmeter         Option                                      Factory        or       Field-Installed.                     To field-
                                                                                     install,            refer       to Section            2,     paragraph             Z-3d

     Model      1745    Ammeter        Option                                        Factory        or       Field-Installed.                     To field-
                                                                                     install,            refer       to   Section          2,     paragraph             2-3e

  upplied        Accessories:
     Model      1746~   Low-Thermal             Short                                See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-7a.

  mther      Accessories:
     Model      1600    High       Voltage        Probe                              See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-5a.
     Model      1651    50-Ampere            Shunt                                   See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-5b.
     Model      1682 RF Probe                                                        See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-5~.
     Model      1685    Clamp-On         AC Current             Probe                See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-jd.
     Model      1722 Digital            Interface                                    See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-3.
     Model      1723        IEEE   Interface                                         Described            in    separate            Instruction               Manual.

     Model      1727    Digital         Interface           Cable        Set         See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-8.
     Model      1728    Rechargeable              Battery        Pack                See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4, paragraph               4-2.

     Model      1743    Maintenance             Kit                                  See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-9.

     Modell747A         Low-Thermal             Input       Leads                    See    ACCESSORIES,               Section           4,     paragraph           4-7b.




BB                                                                                                                                                                             l-3
                                                                                   INSTRUCTION        MANUAL
GENERAL     INFORMATION                                                                     Digital   Multimeter
                                                                                                      Model      174




          LINE
          SWITC :HES -




                                                                                            -MOUNTING
                                                                                                BRACKET



                                                                                              SHIELD  FOR
                                                                                            'NANOVOLT
                                                                                              PREAMP




       MODEL    1740
                                                                                             VIOLET WIRE
                                                                                            ,TO MODEL
                                                                                              1740
       MODEL    1744



       MODEL     1745                                                                       -FUSE
                                                                                              FIOOI




                          FIGURE   3.   View   of   Chassis   With   Cover   Removed.


 l-4                                                                                                              AA
INSTRUCTION        MANUAL                                                                                                    INITIAL       PREPARATION
Dlgltal Multlmeter
Model   174



                                                    SECTION         2.        INITIAL      PREPARATION.


 2-l.      GENERAL.              This   section     provides             information        needed          for      incoming       inspection         and
 preparation      for            use.

 2-2.    INSPECTION.            The Model        174 was carefully             inspected       both   mechanically         and electricai-
 ly before      shipment.          Upon receiving           the    instrument,         check     for  any obvious         damages   which
 may have occurred           during     transit.           Report     any damages          to the shipping         agent.      To verify
 the electrical         specifications,             follow      the procedures           given     in Section      6.

 2-3.      PREPARATION          FOR USE.        The Model        174 may require          soie    preparation            before                    placing    the
 instrument         in use,      depending       on the field-installable                 options      or accessories                            to be used.
 For line      operation         the Line       Voltage      switches        and Line     Fuse should          be checked                        to verify
 correct      settings       or value       for     the  line     power      voltage    to be used.            If any one                        of accessory
 Models     1722, 1723,        or 1728 are          to be field-installed,              the top cover           will      need                   to be removed.
 See ACCESSORIES,             Section      4 in this       manual.         If any of the Models              1740,       1744,                   1745 Options
 are     to be field-installed,               the top cover          must      be removed      and the       installation                          procedures
 in following          paragraphs        c, d, and e must be used.




       a.  How to Set the     Internal                   Line   Voltage   Switches     (S4Ol    and 5402).     The Model                                174
    has two slide    switches     located                 on the main circuit        board    as shown     in Figure     3.                             The
    top cover   must  be removed       to              gain   access    to the circuit       board  as shown      in Figure                               2.


                                                                           WARNING

        Disconnect            the    line     cord  before     removing              the top       cover     of        the   instrument.           Line
        voltage          is   present       at various     points     on           the circuit          board          and   represents          a SHOCK
        HAZARD.
                                                                            TABLE 2-l.
                                                   Summary     of         Line   Voltage         Settings




         b.     Line      Fuse   Requirement.          The Model      174 uses   a single                           line    fuse     to protect        the
     line-operated            power    supply.        The fuse    is a 3 AE, slow-blow                                type.      Verify     that     the
    fuse      rating        is 1/2A    for    90-125V     range,    l/4A  for  IgO-250V                           range.      The line       fuse     is
     located        on    the rear     panel     as shown      in Figure    2.




                                                                                                                                                               2-l
INITIAL        PREPARATION                                                                                                           INSTRUCTION                    MANUAL
                                                                                                                                                          Digital   MultImeter
                                                                                                                                                                     Model     174



    C.   How to Install           the Model        1740 AC VOLTS Option.              Cut the   tie    wrap     holding     the "violet"
wire.       Connect      the "violet"        input     lead    (P301)    coming     from   the Function         Switch    to Jl203.
Install      the plug-in        board    for    the Model        1740 on the Model         174 chassis        at PSOI and P502
as shown       in Figure       4.     The plug-in         board     (PC-414)    edges    should     mate with         the teflon    card
edge guides         which    support     the board.          The component        side   of PC-414       faces      the front    of the
instrument.
                                                                           IMPORTANT
        The     AC VOLTS       circuit           must    be   calibrated           prior         to    use   as     in     Section           6-4e.

   d.         How to Install             the     Model    1744 OHMS Option.       The                   plug-in           board      (PC-408)    for the Model
1744        is installed      on         the     Model    I74 chassis      at P503 as                   shown       in      Figure      4.    The component
side        of ~~-408    faces           the     front    of the   Instrument.
                                                                           IMPORTANT
        The     entire     174     Calibration            Procedure        must       be        performed         prior        to    use      as     in     Section        6-4.

    e.  How to Install      the Model     1745 AMPERES Option.          The plug-in      board  (PC-409)      for     the
Model   1745 is installed       on the Model      I74 chassis      at P504 and P505 as shown          in Figure         4.
The component    side    of PC-409    faces    the front      of the  instrument.        Check fuse     FIOOI     for
proper   rating  and condition.         Replacement      fuse    is a Keithley      Part  No. FU-39;     4 amperes
rating.
                                                      IMPORTANT
      The    AMPERES     circuit          must     be    calibrated        prior           to    use    as   in    Section           6-49.




2-2                                                                                                                                                                           AA
INSTRUCTION          MANUAL                                                             INITIAL   PREPARATION
Digital Mulllmeler
Model 174




                          FIGURE   4.   Installation   of   Models   1740,   1744,   1745.


                                                                                                           2-3
NITIAL   PREPARATION                                                                                INSTRUCTION       MANUAL
                                                                                                              Digital Multimeter
                                                                                                                       Model 174


                                                 TABLE     2-2.
                   Summary     of    Detailed   74 Max     Rating      at     Input     Terminals

                   FUNCTION                        HI    TO LO MAXIMUM

                   DC VOLTS
                       300    mV -     1 KV        12OOV Peak
                       3 mV and       30 mV        250V RMS sine,             <60Hz      or      250~
                                                   Peak . 


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