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Tektronix_Spectrum_Analysis_Using_Waveguide_Mixers


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                                                    CONf ENTS:
                                                     I. Spectrum Analyzer Considerations Using External
                                                        Waveguide Mixers
                                                    II. Broadband Harmonic Waveguide Mixers . . . . . . . . . . 5
                                                    Ill. Using the 490 Series Spectrum Analyzers in the
                                                         External Mixer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                    1V. Specific Measurement Examples:
                                                        1 Gunn Oscillators                                                              9
                                                        2. Klystrons                                                                    9
                                                        3. Irnpatt (avalanche) Diode Oscillators             ..        ....     .   . . 9
                                                    V. Waveguide Mixer Characteristics
                                                       1. Individual Mixer Electrical Characteristics .                             .  10
                                                       2. Performance Characteristics    . . . . .                      . . . . . . 10
                                                       3. Individual Mixer Mechanical Characteristics                  . . . .   . . . 11




                                                                                          Waveguide Mixers was wriifen by
                                                                Spectrum Analysis Utti~ztng
                                                          Bob dim. Design Engineer, and Len Garmff,Product Marketing Manager,
                                                                       Frequency Domain InstrumenZs, Tektmnix, Inc.




opyright 8 1989 Tekbonlx, Im. All rlghls resewed.
1. Spectrum Analyzer                     Additionally, some type of signal                    The 492 Spectrum Analyzer provides
   Considerations Using                  identification is n e e d d to identify              a drive level of + 7.0 dBm rnln1rnLlrn
   External Waveguide                    the desired IF response from images                  to + 15 dBm maximum through a
                                         and other harmonic conversion                        front panel SMA female connector
   Mixers                                products.                                            and an external diplexer.
Whether a measurement is made            Spectrum measurements requiring                      A 3 dB power divider inside the 492
at audio frequencies or millimeter       detailed analysis of highly stable mi-               splits the LO power between the in-
wavelengths, the spectrum analyzer       crowave and millimeter wave sources                  ternal first converter and the first LO
 is used to measure amplitude vs.        require that the spectrum analyzer                   front panel output connector used
frequency.                               residual FM (multiplied by the LO                    with external waveguide mixers or
Typical measurements include the         harmonic number) not exceed ap-                      tracking generator. Figure 2 shows
spectral energy distribution or sig-     proximately one third of resolution                  the location of this LO port on the
nature of the energy source. This        bandwidth in use if a clean CRT                      492 Spectrum Analyzer.
can be as simple as measuring har-       trace is to be obtained. As LO
monic levels of a continuous wave        FM'ing increases, the CRT trace
source to a more complicated oc-         width will increase.
cupied bandwidth measurement of          The remaining paragraphs of Section
a digital microwave transmission         One will cover in more detail some of
system.
                                         the above mentioned requirements.
Actual spectrum analyzer measure-
ments at millimeter wavelengths differ   LO Power Output Requirements
from lower frequency measurements
in the transition from coaxial cables     Local oscillator power requ~rement
to waveguides.                            is a key consideration in millimeter-
                                         wave conversion. Figure 1 shows the
Most spectrum analyzers have an          typical effects of conversion loss vs.                                  r"
internal mixer upper frequency limit
of 21 to 22 GHz, and utilize a type
                                          LO drive level for a harmonic mixer,                I
                                         in this case operating at 50 GHz.                    F~gure LO port
                                                                                                   2
" N" RF input connector.
When the required measurement is
above 22 GHz, some type of exter-
nal mixing is required. Current tech-
niques utilize harmonics of the spec-
trum analyzer firs! sweeping LO and
an external harmonic waveguide
mixer covering the desired fre-
quency range.
Spectrum analyzers designed to
operate in the waveguide bands of
 18 GHz and higher must have suffi-
cient LO power to drive the exter-
 nal mixer, an internal or external
'bias supply to optimize the mixer
diode condudian angle for best
sensitivity, and an external or in-
ternal diplexer to separate the LO
signal and the desired IF signal.
Suitable frequency calibration must
also be available.
                                         Figure 1 . Effects of LO drive level vs. conversion loss.
Waveguide Mixer Bias                     Peaking at 1 GHz intervals will typi-
Mixer diode conduction angle is an       cally provide sensitivity wrth~n to 2
                                                                         1
important consideration in harmonic      dB of maximum over each wave-
conversion loss, which translates to     guide mixer frequency range.
sensitivity, The optimum conduction
angle varies with LO frequency,          Diplexer Use
power, and harmonic number. A             In the waveguide bands, spectrum
variabSe mixer bias supply was de-       analyzers often use a quadrature
signed into the 492 Spectrum             hybrid diplexer, a 4-port 3 dB cou-
Analyzer to allow optimizing this        pler that divides the input signal into
conduction angle for each fre-           two mutually isolated quadrature          Figure 5. MAX SPAN display in response
quency of interest.                      phased (90 degree) outputs while                    to ANY signal applied to ANY
                                         maintaining isolation of the fourth                adernal rnirer band.
The mixer bias ( + 0.5 to - 2.0 volts;
20 mA maximum) is supplied to the        port from the input. This prevents        Some means of true signal identifi-
waveguide mixer through the 2.072        LO energy from reaching port (1)          cation is very important. Only if the
GHz IF input port on the 492 via         and IF energy from reaching port          correct signal response is analyzed
the external diplexer. This input has    (2). Figure 4 represents this type of     can we truly measure its correct fre-
a TNC fitting and is labeled external    diplexer and its connections to the       quency, amplitude and bandwidth
mixer (Figure 3).                        492 Spectrum Analyzer and external        characteristics.
                                         waveguide mixer(s).
                                                                                   The 492 Spectrum Analyzer uses
                                                                                   an alternating LO offset method to
                                                                                   identify the proper response. A zero
                                                                                   horizontal offset in alternating sweeps
                                                                                   while in the "identify" mode indi-
                                                                                   cates a conversion product at the
                                                                                   proper frequency.
                                                                                   Adjusting the spanldiv to 500
                                                                                    kHzlDiv and pressing the signal
                                                                                    identifier buffon will cause the dis-
                                                                                    play to aRernately sweep with a 2-
                                                                                   division vertical offset. If the displayed
                                                                                   signal represents the conversion of
Figure 3. External mixer input.                                                     interest, the signal on the CRT will
                                                                                    move up and down in alternate
The peaking control is located next                                                sweeps with very little horizontal
to the external mixer port and serves    Figure 4. Quadrature hybrid diplexer.
                                                                                    movement as shown in Figure 6. If
as a mixer bias control for external                                               the displayed signal represents any
mixers and as a preselector              True Signal Identification
                                                                                   other conversion, there will be a
peaking control (on option 01            The harmonic conversion process           significant offset in the horizontal
instruments) for frequencies be-         is not without its problems. Sum and       position on alternate sweeps
tween 1.7 G f f rand 21 GHz (in-         difference frequencies due to each         (Figure 7).
ternal mixer mode). The peaking          harmonic ("N" number) of the LO
control is addressable through the       will be generated by the mixer, and
GPIB Interface bus for automating        many of these products will be
measurements.                             passed through the diplexer to
 More than one value of peaking will     the IF input port as the LO sweeps
typically occur for each frequency.      over its full 2 to 6 GHz range. Doz-
The proper adjustment is always          ens of on screen signals will appear
the maximum displayed signal              in response to the many harmonic
amplitude.                               conversion products. (Figure 5. )

                                                                                                         .-   ..

                                                                                   Figure 6. Spurious response display in the
                                                                                             identifier mode.
Figure 7. True signal display In the
          identifier mode.

Signal identification with the
Tektronix 7L18 microwave Spec-
trum Analyzer is accomplished by
turning the frequency SpanlDiv con-
trol to "identify," This sets the
SpanlDiv to a value that will display
two pairs of signals (Figure 8). Only
the real response generates a dual           Full set of Tektronix waveguide mixers covering both sets of overlapping bands from i8
                                             GHz - 325 GHz.
 pair of signals whose frequency
separation within each pair is exact-
ly two divisions. The real response          II. Broadband Harmonic                           e   A tapered RF load beyond the
 is the left most signal of the left             Waveguide Mixers                                 diode to eliminate reflections and
pair.                                                                                             enhance broadband performance,
                                              Unlike most lower-frequency coun-
                                             terparts, the harmonic waveguide                     Careful design of the LOllF port
                                             mixers are two-port devices. The                     low-pass filter to prevent higher
                                              RF input signal to be analyzed is                   order modes and responses from
                                             coupled to the mixer diode through                   propagating energy within the
                                             a short section of waveguide. The                    waveguide bandwidth and there-
                                              LO input and IF output are con-                      by decreasing performance. The
                                              nected to the mixer diode through                   Iow-pass filter design is selected
                                             a coaxial low-pass filter, a 3-rnm                   on the basis of reasonable physi-
                                             coaxial connector and cable, and                     cal dimensions that place multiple
                                             the external diplexer.                               resonances above or below, but
                                                                                                  not within the desired waveguide
                                             Key features in the design of the                    band. The low-pass cutoff fre-
Figure 8. The proper signal is identified    harmonic mixers that make them
          using the 7L18.
                                                                                                  quency of the filter varies as
                                             work well in the millimeter-wave                      required (within the electrical
                                             frequency range are:                                 constraints of the mixer) to rnain-
                                                Use of single-ridged waveguide                    tain realistic mechanical dimen-
                                                 in the vicinity of the mixer diode               sions.
                                                to concentrate energy at the
                                                                                                  The physical arrangement of the
                                                diode junction for better sensitivity
                                                                                                  filter provides a low-tmpedence
                                                and lower conversion loss.
                                                                                                   point at the LOAF interface where
                                                An internal transition from rec-                  the mixer diode is mounted. The
                                                tangular to ridged waveguide                       low impedence diode mount im-
                                                eliminating the need for external                  proves the waveguide port VSWR
                                                adaptors and flange joints.                       and matches impedance from the
Millimeter wave test set-up using the 7Lt8                                                        diode to the LOllF port.
spectrum analyzer with external
waveguide mixer.
      The mixer chip is an array of                            clamp allows easy probing of a        111. Using the 490 Series
       GaAs shottky-barrier diodes,                            very small diode; tightening of the        Spectrum Analyzer in
       each 2-pm in diameter. The diode                        clamp secures the probe without
      junction is probed by the etched                         threatening the delicate probe-to-
                                                                                                          the External Mixer
       point of a gold plated ,026 mrn                         junction contact. Figure 9 is a            Mode
       (.001in) diameter tungsten "Cat's                        photo of the diode array magni-      Spectrum analysis using external
      Whisker." This design provides                           fied 240 times.                       waveguide mixers requires connect-
       minimal junction capacitance and                        Figure 10 is a cross sectional        ing the diplexer to the spectrum
       probe inductance, eliminating in-                       view of the mixer construction        analyzer, connecting the mixer LO
       band resonances and minimizing                          detail with the low-pass fitter       cable to the diplexer, and lastly
       reflections. A unique mechanical                        shown in greater detail below.        connecting to the waveguide mixer.
                                                                                                     Connecting the cable to the diplexer
                                                                                                     before attachment to the mixer
                                                                                                     reduces mixer damage potential by
                                                                                                     dissipating any cable stored charge.
                                                                                                     The external mixer bands of any
                                                                                                     spectrum analyzer are not prese-
                                                                                                     jetted, and signals will appear on
                                                                                                     screen in response to a single input
                                                                                                     frequency at every positive and nega-
                                                                                                     tive conversion of every harmonic af
                                                                                                     the first local oscillator. A signal
                                                                                                      identifier must be used in these
                                                                                                     bands to locate the proper response
                                                                                                     for accurate signal analysis.
                                                                                                     S the 4921492P system, the
                                                                                                      n
                                                                                                     peaklaverage cursor must be
                                                                                                     BELOW the noise to avoid aver-
    Figure 9. Millimeter mixer diode array.                                                          aging all of the mixer responses in-
                                                                                                     to the noise in wide spans. The
                                                                                                     waveguide bands cover very large
                                                  REXOLlf E SLEEVE SLtDES
                                                                                                     bandwidths and the signals can
                                                                                                     easily be lost - even in the max-
                                                                                                     imum resolution bandwidth. The
                                                                                                     cursor can be moved back up after
                                                                                                     spanning down on the signal.
                                                                                                     The mixer peaking control adjusts
                                                                                                     the DC bias to the mixers from +0.5
                                                                                                     to -2.0 volts, with zero bias being
                                                                                                     at approximately 9 o'clock on the
I
                     RIDGED WAVEGWIOE
                        TRANSITION                                 LOW-PASS FILTER ASSEMBLY
                                                                                                      knob. It is a good idea to set the
                                                                    (DIODE ARRAY ATTACHED)           'bias knob near this zero bias point
                                                                                                     when connecting and disconnecting
                                                                                                     the mixer cable to the mixers.
                                                                                                     When the instrument is set into ANY
                                                                                                     of the external mixer bands above
                                                                                                     21 GHz, the MAX SPAN setting
                                                                                                     takes on a different meaning. In the
                                                                                                     waveguide bands, the left edge of
                                                                                                     the screen represents a first LO fre-
                                              CAT-WHISKER                                            quency of 2 GHr, and the right
                                               PROBE PIN
                                                                                                     edge is where the first LO frequency
                                                                                                      is 6 GHz. There is no out-of-band
    Figure 10. Millirnetric mixer construction.                                                       blanking, for nothing is out of band.


                                                                                  6
What appears on the screen are the       identify mode may be imperceptible.      Connecting the Waveguide Mixer
responses due to ALL of the har-         This is a fairly rare occurrence, but    The maximum input power to the
monics and conversions of the LO,        can happen, and that is why it is a      waveguide mixer must be limited
as shown in Figure 5. Responses          good idea for a user to also have a      to + 15 d&m CW or 1 watt peak to
due to a 26 GHz signal will appear       wavemeter to confirm the frequency       avoid mixer diode damage.
in this range as werl as responses       of the signal of interest.
due to a 100 GHz signal, regard-                                                  Mixer operating levels range from
less of WHICH band is selected.          Frequency Measurements                    -20 dBm to 0 dBm for 1 dB com-
The bands are there simply ta afilow                                               pression depending on the fre-
                                         The 494 and 494P Spectrum Ana-           quency range. These levels are
the center frequency and signal          lyzers offer powerful contributions
identifier functions to work properly.                                            easily obtained from most sources.
                                         to microwave and millimeter              A waveguide attenuator andlor a
Many of the generated responses          waveguide band signal analysis.
are real, but the 4921492P signal                                                 directional coupler should be used
identifier feature is designed to find   Frequency measurement accuracy           to control the applied power level.
the one response which exhibits          of stabilized sources is comparable       Further, a pickup horn can be used
the properties which correlate with      to microwave counters, with +5           in high radiated power setups.
the rest of the system design. Here      kHz being typical at 40 GHz and           Linear operation is best verified by
is an example of what this means:         f 10 kHz typical at 300 GHz.            changing the input power level to
The instrument is set to the 90-140      A new signal identification routine      the mixer by a known amount and
GHz band, and a 94 GHz signal            operates on any span below 50            observing the change in amplitude
applied to an F-band mixer. The           MHzldivision and provides positive      on the spectrum analyzer display.
492 is tuned to 94 GHz and then          true signal identification even for
spanned down to 500 kHztdiv. The         large local oscillator harmonic          Mixer LO Cable Length
signal is then found, peaked and         numbers.
                                                                                  Waveguide mixers for the 4921492P
identified and the analyzer set at,
                                         Positive true signal identification is   Spectrum Analyzers are supplied
perhaps, 50 MHzldiv. The analyzer
                                         made possible by a large displayed       with a 28 inch length of 50 ohm
is then switched to the 7 40-220 GHz
                                         shift in false signals while a true      coaxial cable as standard. This
band. What happens? The signal
                                         signal remains virtually stationary      length is selected to provide a mini-
does not move or change in ampli-
                                         during alternate sweeps.                 mumlmaximum range of LO power
tude, but the band readout and
                                                                                  to the mixer of + 7 dBm to + 15
center frequency change. A slight
                                                                                  dBm.
change in the "widtht' of the signal
may also be visible. This is because                                              Operation at greater distances be-
 band changes preserve LO fre-                                                    tween the spedrum analyzer and
quency, NOT center frequency.                                                     waveguide mixer are possible with
The signal displayed on the screen                                                some degradation in sensitivity. For
 is in response to a 94 GHz signal                                                example, extending the 50 ohm
mixing with the 23rd harmonic of                                                  connecting cable from its normal
the first LO (N = 23) in the wave-                                                28 inches to six feet will attenuate
 guide mixer. It will be exactly there                                            the LO power by approximately 2
 in all waveguide bands, but it will                                              dB at 4 GHz (RG 223111) causing an
                                         True signal identification at 90 GHz.    increase in the mixer conversion
 identify as "real" only when the
90-140 GHz band is selected so that                                               loss of approximately I dB; addi-
the center frequency will be read                                                 tionally, further loss of 2 dB will
out accurately. Therefore, in this                                                occur due to the IF signal attenua-
example, the signal will identify as                                              tion. The overall effect will $e a 3 dB
false in the 140-220 GHz band.                                                    loss in sensitivity.
The signal identifier has its limits
with large values of "N." This fea-
ture requires care in interpretation
 in the higher millimeter-wave bands.
A real signal and a false conversion
(for that band) may be adjacent har-     False signal identification at 94 GHz.
monic numbers, and the oftset dif-
ference on alternate sweeps in the
Dynamic Range                               Mixer Diode Testing and                      Amplitude Measurement
(Assume a 1 dB compression Ceve!             Replacement                                 considerations
as maximum for full screen)                 The DC response of the diode can             When operating the 492 Spectrum
The available on-screen dynamic             besl be checked using a curve tracer         Analyzer in the external mixer mode,
 range will depend on the signal in-        such as the Tektronix Model 576.             notice that the reference level in the
put level available, the spectrum           The response curve shown in Figure            18-26.5 GHz, 26.5-40 GHz, and 40-
analyzer resolution bandwidth in             12 indicates a good diode. Proper           60 GI42 bands is -30 dBm at the
 use, and the residual FM of the            curve tracer settings are shown on           top of the screen. The input atten-
signal to be measured. This latter          the curve tracer CRT. Caution: Do            uator is not used, but the reference
factor will determine the narrowest          not use an ohmmeter to test for             level can be set to - 20 dBm in
 resolution bandwidth that can be           contact or polarity.                         these bands by using the MIN
 used for a particular measurement.                                                       NOISE setting. In the higher milli-
                                                                                         meter wave bands, however, the
Typical dynamic range for the 492                                                        conversion loss of each mixer is
and WM490F (90-140 GHz) wave-                                                            higher due to the higher N-number,
guide mixer is 45 dB in 1 MHz reso-                                                      and the reference level is adjusted
 lution bandwidth and 75 dB in 1 kHz                                                     accordingly. This is done because
 resolution bandwidth.                                                                   as the conversion loss goes up, so
                                                                                         does the input saturation level (3
Coupling Hardware                                                                        dB compression), The f 8-26.5 GHz
Considerations                                                                           mixer will saturate with - 10 dBm
Greatest measurement accuracy and                                                        into the waveguide port, but the
repeatability is insured by smooth          Figure 12. A properly working mixer diode.   60-90 GHz mixer will not, for ex-
mating surfaces and proper align-                                                        ample. The reference level in the
ment of the flange on the wave-             The test for sensitivity requires a          higher millimeter wave bands is
guide mixer and any external                calibrated signal source at the              adjusted to provide the maximum
waveguide component.                        operating frequency.                         on-screen dynamic range before the
Uniform pressure across the entire          The mixer diode package is field re-         mixer saturates. The reference level
mating surface is important for best        placeable in the Tektronix WM490K             at the top of the screen then repre-
results.                                    (1 8-26.5 GHz) and the WM490A                sents the RF level being applied to
                                            (26.5-40 GHz) waveguide mixers.              the mixer, and it should be remem-
Figure 7 1 is a photo of improper                                                         bered that this number is an aver-
                                            The diode replacement and sensi-
alignment caused by uneven pres-                                                          age for each band.
                                            tivity verification procedures are
sure on the flange securing screws.
                                            detailed in the waveguide mixer               Amplitude measurement accuracy is
  Note: The captive flange screws are        instruction manual. Tektronix Wave-          limited by the same constraints that
  equipped with pop-off heads to protect    guide Mixers WM490U (40-60 GHz),
  against over tightening
                                                                                          apply when using the spectrum
                                            WM490V (50-75 GHz), WM490E                    analyzer coaxial input.
                                            (60-90 GHz), WM490W (75-1I CI
                                                                                         The most important factors affecting
                                            GHz), WM490F (90-140 GHz),                   amplitude accuracy in the waveguide
                                            WM490D (110-170 GHz), and                    bands is the frequency response of
                                            WM490G (140-220 GHz) should be               the individual waveguide mixers and
                                            returned to the factory for repair.          the proper peaking of the mixer bias.
                                            Caution: Do not attempt to disas-
                                            semble the mixer body.


Figure r t . Improper alignment caused by
             u n m pressurembflange
           securing screws.

An air gap, as shown here will result
in increased system VSWR and de-
creased available power to the
mixer due to radiation loss and
reflection.
IV. Specific Measurement                                                                  3. tmpatt (avalanche) Diode
    Examples                                                                                 Oscillators
The following are examples of                                                              Figure 37 is a CRT photo of an
some typical millimeterwave                                                                lmpatt Diode oscillator operating
sources as viewed on a 492                                                                in the CW mode at 99.7 GHz. The
Spectrum Analyzer.                                                                         lmpatt oscillator's low "Q" results in
                                                                                          a broad noise-like spectrum. Often
1. Gunn Oscillators                                                                       the " Q is so low in tunable lmpatt
Figure 13 is a CRT photo of a                                                             oscillators that the output energy
Gunn oscillator operating in the CW                                                       distribution is much widerthan the
mode at approximately 60 GHz.               Figure 14. Klystron at 142 GHz. Wide video    maximum resolution bandwidth of
Note the well defined spectrum                        filter on.                          thespectrum Analyzer.
analyzer resolution banbwidth filter        Power supply ripple on the RF
response, indicating residual FM            source becomes clearly visible in
less than 100 kHz.                          Figure 15 by using the narrower
                                            500 kHz/Div span setting.
MEEHWflfimE~l
mmmmmimmmmr
mmmmm~mmmmr
3M.B1[;1W.Be                                                                              lr 1 1 1 1
                                                                                           l- 3 1 1
mumlllliam~~~      r:                                                                     l ! p k w d ~ ~ ~ - 7 f l
                                                                                          Figure 17. Klystron at 184 GHz. Available
                                                                                                     on-screen dynamic range a
                                                                                                     approxrrnately 34 dB with mixer
                                                                                                     saturated.
F~gui-e13. Gunn oscitlator at 60 GHr.
           Note 100 kHz resolution can be                                                 The energy peak frequency appears
                                            Figure 15. Typ~calpower supply noise on       as only a lump In the background
          used.                                        a Klystron in a narrower span.
                                                                                          noise even after careful adjustment
The mixer power level is indicated                                                        of the mixer bias (peaking) control.
                                             Figure 16 is a CRT photo of a
at -30 dBm and the on screen dy-             Klystron oscillator operating in the
namic range is shown to be 50 dB                                                          The displayed amplitude will not
                                            CW mode at 184.7 G Hz. The                    agree with a power meter due to
for the 100 kHz resolution band-
                                            WM490F (90-140 GHz) wave-                     the broadband noise property of
width filter.
                                            guide mixer and 119-1729-00                   the signal. A point to remember is
                                            tapered waveguide transition was              that the spectrum analyzer plots
2. Klystrons
                                            used in making this measurement.              energy per unit frequency while
 Figure 14 IS a CRT photo of a
                                                                                          the power meter integrates all
 Klystron oscillator operating in the
                                                                                          energy applied to the sensor head.
CW mode at approximately 142 GHz.
The available on-screen dynamic
range is shown to be 42 dB using
the 1 MHz resolution bandwidth fil-
ter. Residual FM is not measurable
at 5 MHzlDiv frequency span.



                                            F~gure16. Typical lmpatt diode oscillator.
                                                       Accurate amplitude readings will
                                                       be difficult.
V. Waveguide Mixer Characteristics

1, Individual Mixer Electrical Characteristics



                                                                                                Frequency           Amplitude                      Point
                                                                                                Response2           Accuracy3                  (Saturation)
      18-26.5              WM490K           I         K              - 100                         + 3dB
                                                                                                   -                   +Ed B
                                                                                                                       -                  - 10 dBm t y p i c a l
      26.5-40              WM490A                     A              -95                           - 3dB
                                                                                                   = t                 - dB
                                                                                                                       -1-6               -   10 dBm typical
       40-60               WM490U           I         'U             -9 5                          +
                                                                                                   - 3 dB              +6 dB
                                                                                                                       -                  - 10 dBm t y p i c a l
       50-75               WM490V                     V              - 95 at 50 GHz                + 3 dB                                 - 10 dBm at 50 GHz
                                                                     - 90 at 75 GHn               tiplca14                                - f 0 dSm at 75 GHz
                                                                    typical                                                              typical
         60-90             WM490E                      E             - 95 at 60 GHz                1 3 dB                                 - lOdBm at60GHz
                                                                     - 85 at 90 G H z             typ1caJ4                                -   5 dSm at 90 GHz
                                                                     typical                                                             typical
         75-110            WM490W                     W              - 90 at 75 GHz                + 3 dB                                - dl dBm at 75 GHz
                                                                                                                                            O
I
                                                                     - 8 0 a t 1lOGHz             typlca14                               0 dBm at 110 GHz
                                                                    typical                                                              typical
         90-140            WM490F                      F             -   85 at 90 GHz              + 3 dB                                -5 d Em at 90 GHz
                                                                     - 75 at 140 GHz              Gplca14                                0 dBm at 140 GHz
                                                                     typical                                                             typical
      110-170              WM490D                     D              -80 at 110GHz                 + 3 dB                                OdBm at 710GHz
                                                                     - J D at 170 GHz             ty plca14                              + 5 dBrn at 170 GHz
-
-
-                                                                    typicat                                                             typical
      140-220              WM490G                     G               - 75 at t40 GHz              + 3 dB                                0 d8m at 140 GHz
                                                                      -65at 220 GHz               typca14                                 + i O dBm at220 GHr
                                                                    typical                                                              typical
      220-325            7 19-1728-007                 S             - 65 at 220 GHz               -t3 dB                                 + 10 dBm at 220 GHz
                                                                     -50 at 325 GHz                                                      typlcalG
                                                           -
                                                                     typrcals

Nates:
1 Equivalent average noise level at 1 kHz bandwidth.
2. Maximum amplitude variat~on acrosseach waveguide mixer band (wlthpeaking control optimized at each frequency in response to a -30 dBm CW input signal to the marer)
3. Maxrmum reference level error with respect to the internal calibrator. Amplitude accuracy can be Improved 5 dB by measuring amplitude wth respect to a known external
   (waveguide) reference srgnal
4 Over any 5 GHz bandwidth for m~llimeter  wave rnlxers above 60 GHt.
5 Value est~matedat 325 GHz.
6. Saturation level exceeds bummt at 325 GHz.
7. Tapered waveguide transition allowing WM490G to cover this range




2. Performance Characteristics for all WM490 Series Waveguide Mixers
    Maximum CW lnput Level:               + 15dBm (32 mW).
    Maximum Pulsed Input Level: 1 W peak with .OO1 maximum duty factor and                                      l p s maximum      pulse width.
    LO Requirements: +7 d5m minimum; + 15 dBm maximum; + 10 dBm typical.
    Bias Requirements: -2.0 ta +0.5 volts with respect to the mixer body, 20 rnArnaximum current.
                                                                                              US. FREPUEN
                                                                                              IAVEGUlDE MI




                                                                                  FREQUENCY (Gfb)




3. Individual Mixer Mechanical Characteristics

                                                  Waveguide                 Flange
                            Model No.                 /EIA)                 (JAN)                Length             Width1             Height'            Weight
                             WM490K                  WR-42                UG-5951U              8.97 cm            2.22 crn            3.68 cm             180 g
                                               -- in)
                                                 (3.53                                                             (375 in)            (1 45 in)          (6.502)
                                                     WR-28                UG-599lU
                                               -
                                                     WR-19              UG-3831U-M              4.52 cm            1.84 cml            2.45 cm              80 g
                                                                                                (1781n)            (.J251n1)           (.980~ n )         (2.9 or)
                             WM490V                  WR-15                UG-3851U              4.31 crrI          0.89 cm                     m            40 CJ
                                                                                                11.70 in'I          (-350 bn)                  n)         (1 5 OZ)
                             WMd90E                  WR-12                        7tU           4.31 crrI          0.89 cm                     rn           40 g
                                                                                                .. --
                                                                                                 (1.70   ln)       (350 rn)            (.YOU ln)          (1 5 DZ)
                            WM490W                   WR-10              UG-387JU-M  4.31 cm                        0.89 cm             229 cm               40 g
                                                                                    (1.70 in)   -(.350 rn)                             (.900 ~ n )        (1 502)
                             WM490F                  WR-08             'UG-3871U-M2 4.3f cm      0.89 cm
                                               -
                                               -                                    -)
                                                                             - (1.70 - in)~n     (.350
                                                     WR-06             UG-3871U-M2  4.31 cm      0.89 cm
                                                                                    (1.70 ~ n )  (.350 tn)
                             WM490G                  WR-05             UG-3871U-M2  4.31 cm      0.89cm                                2.29 cm       I      40 g
                                                                                    (1 70 ~ n )  (-350 in)                             (.go0 in)          (1   5 07)
      220-325           1 19-1728-00                 WR-05                  74-003                  -                  -                   -                   -

                        G-J Band flange              WR-03                  74-005
                        transition

Motes
1 Physical dimensions exclude contribution due to the diameter of round waveguide flanges in U, V E. W F. 5 and G bands.
2. All mixers are equipped with standard UG-XXXIU type flanges as Inrl'ratpc Flange adaptors to standard MIL F 397?type flanges are provided in F, D, and G bands at no
   additional charge.
3 All mixers include a protective flange cover, an LO:IF port protective shorting cap, and two captive flange screws for round flange mixers.
                                            For further information, contact:
                                            U.S.A., Asia, Australia, Central &
                                            South America, Japan
                                            Teklron~x,Inc.
                                            P.O. Box 1700
                                            Rravrrtan Oregon 97075
                                            Fw additional Ilterature, or the
                                            address and phone ~ ~ m bof theer
                                            Tektronlx Sales Off~ce  nearest you,
                                            contact:
                                            Phone: 8001547-1512
                                            Oregon only R I M -252.1877
                                            TWX: 910-467-8708
                                            TCX 15-1754
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                                            Tektron~xEurope B.V.
                                            European Headquarters
                                            Po:
                                            t IF           ?fveen
                                            T ~ E          4s
                                            Pk             1146
                                            Telex: i n 512 18328
                                            Canada
                                            Tektronix Canada Inc.
                                            P.O. Box 6500
                                            Rarr~rOntarlo L4M 4V3
                                            Phone: 7051737-2700
                                            Tektronix sales and service
                                            ofrces around the world:
                                             f
                                            Plt)nn~aAlqcr~a Angola, A r q ~ n l ~ n a
                                            Australia, A ~ ~ s t r Bangladesh,
                                                                   ~a
                                            Belglurn, Bolivia, Bra/~lCanada,
                                            Peoples Republic of China. Chile.
                                            Loll ~ r n h ~Costa R~ca
                                                          a
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                                            hl r Kcicco The Netherlands, New
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                                            Afr~ca Romania, Saudi Arabia.
                                            Singapore, Spaln, Sri Lanka,
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                                            Un~ted   Kingdom, Uruguay, USSR,
                                            Vt>rirwuella Yugoslavia, Zarnb~a,
                Spectral purity of 94 GHr
                                            Zlrnbabwe.
                slgnal using Teklron~x
                external wav6guide mixsrs
                                            COY jyright ij 1983, Tektronix, Inc. All
                                                ~ reservec1. Printed ~nU S A
                                            rig1 t s
                                            Tel.ttronix products are covered by U.S.
                                                  . .
                                            am torelgn     patents, Issued and
                                            pend~ngInformation In thls publicatron
                                            supersedes that In all previously
                                            publ~shedmaterial. Specification and
                                            price change priv~leqes    reserved.
                                            TEI(TRONIX, 7-EK, SCOPE      i-MOBILE,
                                            TEI_EQUIPMEF and 4T,    k     a re
 Performance-
--                                          registered Zrademarks. For further
                                            infcrrrnation, co -          ,onlx, Inc .
                                                              nlact: Tekt~
  worththe                                         -    -..                    - -
                                                                          -- . . -
                                            P.O. Box 5W,Heaverlon OR 9 0 3 7
                                            Phone: (503)627 71 1 1 TWX 910-467-
                                                                               777.

                                            8700;TtX: 15-1 754; Cable:
                                            TFKTRONIX Subsidiaries and
                                            d~stributors   worldwide.


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