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DI-3
DIAGNOSTICS - ENGINE
DI00H-21
PRE-CHECK
1. DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM
(a) Description
S When troubleshooting OBDII vehicles, the only dif-
ference from the usual troubleshooting procedure
is that you connect to the vehicle the OBDII scan
tool complying with SAE J1978 or TOYOTA hand-
held tester, and read off various data output from
the vehicle's ECM.
S OBDII regulations require that the vehicle's on-
board computer lights up the Malfunction Indicator
Lamp (MIL) on the instrument panel when the com-
puter detects a malfunction in the emission control
system/components or in the powertrain control
components which affect vehicle emissions, or a
malfunction in the computer. In addition to the MIL
lighting up when a malfunction is detected, the ap-
FI0534 plicable Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) prescribed
by SAE J2012 are recorded in the ECM memory
(See page DI-14 ).
If the malfunction does not reoccur in 3 consecutive trips, the
MIL goes off automatically but the DTCs remain recorded in the
ECM memory.
TOYOTA Hand-Held tester S To check the DTCs, connect the TOYOTA hand-
held tester or OBDII scan tool to Data Link Connec-
tor 3 (DLC3) on the vehicle. The TOYOTA hand-
held tester or OBDII scan tool also enables you to
erase the DTCs and check freezed frame data and
various forms of engine data. (For operating instruc-
tions, see the OBDII scan tool's instruction book.)
S DTCs include SAE controlled codes and manufac-
DLC3 I12054 turer controlled codes. SAE controlled codes must
be set as prescribed by the SAE, while manufactur-
er controlled codes can be set freely by the
manufacturer within the prescribed limits (See DTC
chart on page DI-14 ).
2002 ECHO (RM884U)
Author : Date : 173
DI-4
DIAGNOSTICS - ENGINE
S The diagnosis system operates in normal mode
during normal vehicle use. It also has a check mode
for technicians to simulate malfunction symptoms
and troubleshoot. Most DTCs use 2 trip detection
logic* to prevent erroneous detection, and ensure
thorough malfunction detection. By switching the
ECM to check mode when troubleshooting, the
technician can cause the MIL to light up for a mal-
function that is only detected once or momentarily
(TOYOTA hand-held tester only). (See step 2)
S *2 trip detection logic:
When a malfunction is first detected, the malfunc-
tion is temporarily stored in the ECM memory (1st
trip).
If the same malfunction is first detected again during the second
drive test, this second detection causes the MIL to light up (2nd
trip) (However, the IG switch must be turned OFF between the
1st trip and the 2nd trip.).
S Freeze frame data:
Freeze frame data records the engine condition
when a misfire (DTC P0300 - P0304) or fuel trim
malfunction (DTC P0171) or other malfunction (first
malfunction only), is detected.
S Because freeze frame data records the engine
conditions (fuel system, calculated load, engine
coolant temperature, fuel trim,engine speed, ve-
hicle speed, etc.) when the malfunction is detected,
when troubleshooting it is useful for determining
whether the vehicle was running or stopped, the en-
gine warmed up or not, the air-fuel ratio lean or rich,
etc. at the time of the malfunction.
Priorities for troubleshooting:
If troubleshooting priorities for multiple DTCs are given in the
applicable DTC chart, these should be followed.
If no instructions are given troubleshoot DTCs according to the
following priorities.
(1) DTCs other than fuel trim malfunction (DTC P0171,
P0172), and misfire (DTC P0300 - P0304).
(2) Fuel trim malfunction (DTC P0171).
(3) Misfire (DTC P0300 - P0304).
2002 ECHO (RM884U)
Author : Date : 174
DI-5
DIAGNOSTICS - ENGINE
(b) Check the DLC3.
The vehicle's ECM uses ISO 9141-2 for communication.
The terminal arrangement of DLC3 complies with SAE
J1962 and matches the ISO 9141-2 format.
N09214
Terminal No. Connection / Voltage or Resistance Condition
7 Bus Line / Pulse generation During transmission
4 Chassis Ground / Body Ground 1 or less Always
5 Signal Ground / Body Ground 1 or less Always
16 Battery Positive / Body Ground 9 - 14 V Always
HINT:
If your display shows "UNABLE TO CONNECT TO VEHICLE"
when you have connected the cable of the TOYOTA hand-held
tester or OBDII scan tool to DLC3, turned the ignition switch ON
and operated the scan tool, there is a problem on the vehicle
side or tool side.
S If communication is normal when the tool is connected to
another vehicle, inspect DLC3 on the original vehicle.
S If communication is still not possible when the tool is con-
nected to another vehicle, the problem is probably in the
tool itself, so consult the Service Department listed in the
tool's instruction manual.
2. INSPECT DIAGNOSIS (Normal Mode)
(a) Check the MIL
(1) The MIL comes on when the ignition switch is turned
ON and the engine is not running.
HINT:
If the MIL does not light up, troubleshoot the combination meter
(See page BE-47 ).
(2) When the engine started, the MIL should go off. If
FI2547 the lamp remains on, the diagnosis system has de-
tected a malfunction or abnormality in the system.
(b) Check the DTC.
NOTICE:
S If there is no DTC in the normal mode, check the 1st
trip DTC using Continuous Test Result function
(Mode 7 for SAE J1979) or the TOYOTA hand-held
tester or OBDII scan tool.
2002 ECHO (RM884U)
Author : Date : 175
DI-6
DIAGNOSTICS - ENGINE
S TOYOTA hand-held tester only:
When the diagnosis system is switched from normal
mode to check mode, it erases all DTCs and freezed
frame data recorded in normal mode. So before
switching modes, always check the DTCs and
freezed frame data, and note them down.
(1) Prepare the TOYOTA hand-held tester or OBDII
scan tool (complying with SAE J1978).
(2) Connect the TOYOTA hand-held tester or OBDII
scan tool to DLC3 under the instrument panel lower
pad.
(3) Turn the ignition switch ON and turn the TOYOTA
hand-held tester or OBDII scan tool switch ON.
(4) Use the TOYOTA hand-held tester or OBDII scan
tool to check the DTCs and freezed frame data;
note them down. (For operating instructions, see
the OBDII scan tool's instruction book.)
(5) See step 4 to confirm the details of the DTCs.
NOTICE:
S When simulating symptoms with an OBDII scan tool
(excluding TOYOTA hand-held tester) to check the
DTCs, use normal mode. For code on the DTC chart
subject to "2 trip detection logic", perform the follow-
ing either action.
S Turn the ignition switch OFF after the symptom is
simulated the first time. Then repeat the simulation
process again. When the problem has been simulated
twice, the MIL lights up and the DTCs are recorded in
the ECM.
S Check the 1st trip DTC using Mode 7 (Continuous Test
Results) for SAE J1979.
(c) Clear the DTC.
The DTCs and freezed frame data will be erased by either
action.
(1) Operating the TOYOTA hand-held tester or OBDII
scan tool (complying with SAE J1978) to erase the
codes. (See the OBDII scan tool's instruction book
for operating instructions.)
(2) Disconnecting the battery terminals or EFI fuse.
NOTICE:
If the TOYOTA hand-held tester switches the ECM from the
normal mode to the check mode or vice-versa, or if the
ignition switch is turned from ON to ACC or OFF during
check mode, the DTCs and freezed frame data will be
erased.
2002 ECHO (RM884U)
Author : Date : 176
DI-7
DIAGNOSTICS - ENGINE
3. INSPECT DIAGNOSIS (Check Mode)
HINT:
TOYOTA hand-held tester only:
Compared to the normal mode, the check mode has an in-
creased sensitivity to detect malfunctions.
Furthermore, the same diagnostic items which are detected in
the normal mode can also be detected in the check mode.
Check the DTC.
(1) Initial conditions:
S Battery positive voltage 11 V or more.
S Throttle valve fully closed.
S Transmission in "P" or "N" position.
S A/C switched OFF.
(2) Turn the ignition switch OFF.
(3) Prepare the TOYOTA hand-held tester.
(4) Connect the TOYOTA hand-held tester to DLC3
under the instrument panel lower pad.
(5) Turn the ignition switch ON and switch the TOYOTA
hand-held tester ON.
(6) Switch the TOYOTA hand-held tester normal mode
to check mode (Check that the MIL flashes.).
NOTICE:
Flashing If the TOYOTA hand-held tester switches the ECM from the
ON normal mode to the check mode or vice-versa, or if the
OFF
ignition switch is turned from ON to ACC or LOCK during
check mode, the DTCs and freezed frame data will be
0.13 Second erased.
FI3605 (7) Switch the engine. (The MIL goes out after the en-
gine start.)
(8) Simulate the conditions of the malfunction de-
scribed by the customer.
NOTICE:
Leave the ignition switch ON until you have checked the
DTC, etc.
(9) After simulating the malfunction conditions, use the
TOYOTA hand-held tester diagnosis selector to
check the DTCs and freezed frame data, etc.
HINT:
Take care not to turn the ignition switch OFF. Turning the ignition
switch OFF switches the diagnosis system from check mode to
normal mode. so all DTCs, etc. are erased.
(10) After checking the DTC, inspect the applicable cir-
cuit.
4. FAIL-SAFE CHART
If any of the following codes is recorded, the ECM enters fail-safe mode.
DTC No. Fail-Safe Operation Fail-Safe Deactivation Conditions
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