Service Manuals, User Guides, Schematic Diagrams or docs for : AMD _Performance Basic Performance Measurements for AMD Athlon 64_252C AMD Opteron and AMD Phenom Processors. [2008-09-25]

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Basic Performance Measurements for AMD AthlonTM 64,
   AMD OpteronTM and AMD PhenomTM Processors
                                   Paul J. Drongowski
                AMD CodeAnalystTM Performance Analyzer Development Team
                             Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
                                 Boston Design Center

                                       25 September 2008




1. Introduction.
Good performance is crucial to many applications. Program performance tuning is a multifaceted
activity grounded in measurement and analysis. Measurement provides an objective basis for
assessment and comparison of the performance aspects of program design and implementation.

AMD processors offer extensive features to enable performance measurement. These features
use hardware counters to measure performance-related events caused by user- or kernel-level
software. Event counts help a systems engineer or software developer to identify the likely cause
of a performance issue.

The purpose of this technical note is to describe a collection of basic measurements that
engineers and developers can take using the performance monitoring features of AthlonTM 64,
AMD OpteronTM, and AMD PhenomTM processors. Section 2 recommends online resources
describing processor-specific microarchitecture, performance events, and performance analysis
tools. Section 3 provides background information about the measurement technique called
"performance counter sampling." Section 4 describes the performance measurements. Section 5
illustrates the use of a few common measurements.




2. Resources.
A number of on-line resources are available to assist engineers with performance measurement,
analysis, and improvement. Find these resources, and many more, at AMD Developer Central:

        http://developer.amd.com

Performance measurement hardware and events are described in the "BIOS and Kernel
Developer's Guide," or BKDG. The BKDG is the main resource for details about hardware events
and what they measure. These details include important information about conditions affecting
event counts (i.e., what is (and is not) included in an event count). The BKDG also describes how
to configure the "unit masks" associated with each event to narrow measurement to more specific
hardware conditions. AMD publishes a version of the BKDG for each processor family. Find
information about performance events supported by quad-core AMD Opteron and AMD Phenom
processors in the "BIOS and Kernel Developer's Guide for AMD Family 10h Processors,"
Publication #31116:

        http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/31116.pdf




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