Service Manuals, User Guides, Schematic Diagrams or docs for : Agilent 5991-2325EN Oscilloscope Selection Tip 11_ Probing - Application Note c20130724 [2]

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5991-2325EN Oscilloscope Selection Tip 11_ Probing - Application Note c20130724 [2]


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                                  Oscilloscope Selection Tip 11:
                                  Probing
                                  Part 11 of a 12-part series


                                  Tip 11              Select an oscilloscope from a vendor that can
                                  also provide the variety of specialty probes that you may require.

                                  Your oscilloscope measurements
                                  can only be as good as what
Agilent offers a broad range of   your oscilloscope probe delivers
                                  to the oscilloscope's BNC inputs.
oscilloscope probes to fit your
                                  When you connect any kind of
specific voltage and current      measurement system to your
                                  circuit, the instrument (and
measurement applications.         probe) becomes a part of your
                                  device-under-test. This means
                                  it can "load" or change the
                                  behavior of your signals to some
                                  degree. Good probes should not disturb the input signal and should ideally deliver an exact
                                  duplicate of the signal that was present at the probe point before the probe was attached.

                                  When you purchase a new oscilloscope, it typically comes standard with a set of high-
                                  impedance passive probes -- one probe for each input channel of the oscilloscope.
                                  These types of general-purpose passive probes are the most commonly used and enable
                                  you to measure a broad range of signals relative to ground. But these probes do have
                                  limitations. Figure 1 shows an electrical model of a typical 10:1 passive probe
                                  connected to the high-impedance input (1-M input of an oscilloscope).




                                  Figure 1: Typical model of a 10:1 passive probe
                                          Inherent in all oscilloscope probe and oscilloscope inputs are parasitic capacitances. These
                                          include the probe cable capacitance (Ccable), as well as the oscilloscope's input capacitance
                                          (Cscope). "Inherent/parasitic" simply means that these elements of the electrical model are not
                                          intentionally designed-in; but are just an unfortunate fact of life in the real world of electronics.
                                          The amount of inherent/parasitic capacitance will vary from oscilloscope-to-oscilloscope and
                                          probe-to-probe. Also included in this electrical model are designed-in capacitive elements
                                          that are used to compensate for low-frequency pulse response.

                                          The electrical model of any probe (passive or active) and oscilloscope can be simplified down
Figure 2: Simplified probe/oscilloscope
electrical model.                         to parallel combination of a single resistor and single capacitor. Figure 2 shows a typical
                                          oscilloscope/probe loading model for a 10:1 passive probe. This is what gets connected
                                          in parallel with your DUT when making oscilloscope measurements with a probe. For low
                                          frequency or DC applications, loading is dominated by the 10 M resistance, which in most
                                          cases should not be a problem. Although 13.5 pF may not sound like much capacitance, at
                                          higher frequencies the amount of loading contributed by this capacitance can be significant.
                                          For instance, at 500 MHz the reactance of 13.5 pF in this model is just 23.6 , which could
                                          contribute to significant "loading" and signal distortion.

                                          For higher frequency measurement applications, active probes should be used, such as
                                          Agilent's InfiniiMode Series differential active probe shown in Figure 3. "Active" means
                                          that the probe consists of an amplifier near the probe's tip. This can significantly reduce
                                          the amount of capacitive loading and increase probing bandwidth. But the tradeoff with
                                          high-frequency active probes is often reduced dynamic range.

                                          Besides high-frequency active probes, there are many other specialty probing applications
                                          that should be considered including high voltage measurements and current measurements.
Figure 3: Agilent's InfiniiMode Series
differential active probe

                                          Broad range of probing solutions for
                                          Agilent's InfiniiVision X-Series Oscilloscopes
                                          If you are in the market today to purchase your
                                          next oscilloscope, Agilent Technologies'
                                          InfiniiVision X-Series oscilloscopes come in
                                          various bandwidth models ranging from 70 MHz
                                          up to 1.5 GHz. Agilent also offers a broad range
                                          of probing solutions to fit your specific
                                          measurement needs.

                                          To learn more about Agilent's InfiniiVision X-Series oscilloscopes and mixed signal
                                          oscilloscopes, go to www.agilent.com/find/InfiniiVision.




                                          Product specifications and descriptions in this
                                          document subject to change without notice.
                                          



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