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Keysight Technologies
Diode Evaluation Using the
Keysight B2900A Series of SMUs
Keysight B2901A Precision SMU, 1ch, 100 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Keysight B2902A Precision SMU, 2ch, 100 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Keysight B2911A Precision SMU, 1ch, 10 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Keysight B2912A Precision SMU, 2ch, 10 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Technical Overview
Introduction
The Keysight Technologies, Inc.B2901/02/11/12A Precision
Source/Measure Unit is a compact and cost-effective bench-top
Source/Measure Unit (SMU) with the capability to output and
measure both voltage and current. The B2900A Series of SMUs
enables you to make a wide range of current versus voltage (IV)
measurements more accurately and quickly than ever before. In
addition, the B2900A Series of SMUs comes with an intuitive
graphical user interface (GUI) and free PC-based application
software that make it easy for you to begin making productive
measurements immediately. These features make the B2900A
Series of SMUs the best solution for accurate characterization of
diodes and other devices.
B2901/02/11/12A
Figure 1 illustrates the connections necessary for measuring a High force
A
diode using a member of the B2900A Series of SMUs. The B2900A -
Series of SMUs allows you to accurately and easily measure the V
basic IV parameters and characteristics of diodes, including tests -
such as forward voltage, leakage current and breakdown voltage.
Low force
Figure 1. Using the B2900A Series of SMUs to characterize
a diode
What is the B2900A Series of SMUs?
An SMU combines the capabilities of a current source, a voltage source, a
current meter and a voltage meter along with the capability to switch easily
between these various functions into a single instrument. This gives it the
ability to evaluate the IV characteristics of devices across all four measurement
quadrants without the need for any additional equipment. Besides being able
to output and measure voltage or current very accurately, SMUs also possess
a compliance feature that allows a limit to be placed on the voltage or current
output to prevent device damage. The members of the B2900A Series of SMUs
are single or dual channel SMU units that offer a wide range of IV measurement
capability for a variety of two-terminal and three-terminal devices. They cover
currents from 10 fA to 3 A (DC)/10.5 A (pulse) and voltages from 100 nV to
210 V. In addition to their DC operation mode, the B2900A Series of SMUs also
have the ability to perform pulsed measurements in order to prevent device self-
heating from distorting the measurement results.
The B2900A Series of SMUs supports 4-wire measurements (remote sensing)
to eliminate the voltage error caused by test lead residual resistance.
Measurements made through a 2-wire connection can contain significant error
when the resistance being measured is comparable to that of the test leads
(please see Figure 2a). However, a 4-wire measurement uses one pair of leads
to force current and the other pair of leads to monitor voltage. This eliminates
cable resistance effects so that only the voltage drop across the DUT is measured
(please see Figure 2b). In addition, the 4-wire measurement scheme of the
B2900A Series of SMUs keeps the voltage between the sense points (A and B in
Figure 2b) at exactly the specified voltage Vset, thereby ensuring that your device is
characterized exactly under the measurement conditions you specify.
B2901/02/11/12A B2901/02/11/12A
RLead
High force IMeas High force IMeas
RLead
High sense High sense A
VMeas VSet VMeas VSet
Low sense Low sense B
RLead
Low force Low force
a) 2-wire connection b) 4-wire connection
Figure 2. A 4-wire connection eliminates the measurement error caused by residual lead resistance
1) Set the measurement condition 2) Change the view mode
and the compliance
3) Execute
a) Single view b) Graph view
Figure 3. The GUI of the B2900A Series of SMUs makes it easy to take a quick measurement and display the results
3
Quick and easy IV characterization
During routine device evaluation it is often desirable to make a quick
measurement from the instrument's front panel without having to go through
the time and trouble of writing a test program. To meet this need, all members of
the B2900A Series of SMUs have a resident GUI that makes it easy to perform a
variety of tests and save measurement data without having to write any code.
The wide QVGA LCD display of the B2900A Series of SMUs supports an
easy-to-use GUI that provides easy instrument control from the front panel
(please see Figure 3). The GUI of the B2900A Series of SMUs has the following
multiple viewing modes: Single View, Dual View, Graph View and Roll View
(for viewing time domain measurements). Single View mode allows you to
easily set up not only constant voltage and current measurements but also
swept voltage and current measurements. Dual View can perform similar
functions for both channels simultaneously (for B2902A and B2912A). After
measurement completion you can use the front panel GUI to graphically view
measurement results such as IV curves using Graph View, and display a list of
the measurement data using the Measure Result dialog window.
The B2900A Series of SMUs has a USB interface on the front panel so that
a USB flash memory device can be used with the B2900A Series of SMUs to
save and load measurement setups as well as to save measurement results.
In addition, Graph View supports a Screen Dump function that enables you to
save screen images (such as IV curves) to any attached USB flash memory
device as JPEG files, making it easy to include graphical results in reports and
presentations (please see Figure 4).
Measurement
data
Measurement
setups
Graph dump to JPEG
Figure 4. Measurement results and measurement setups can be saved to any attached USB flash memory device
4
Ready-to-use PC software
In addition to its powerful and easy-to-use GUI, the B2900A Series of SMUs
comes with free PC application software to facilitate program development if
you prefer PC-based instrument control. The Keysight B2900A Graphical Web
Interface and the Keysight B2900A Quick I/V Measurement Software are both
available for the B2900A Series of SMUs.
The Keysight B2900A Graphical Web Interface provides functionality to allow
access to the B2900A Series of SMUs over a LAN connection. The B2900A
Series of SMUs is fully compliant with the LXI class C specification and it
contains a web server that provides a webpage with an interface to support the
basic measurement functions of the B2900A. You can quickly and easily make
measurements using a standard web browser by just connecting the B2900A
Series of SMUs to a PC using a LAN cable.
The Keysight B2900A Quick I/V Measurement Software has more powerful
measurement capabilities to control the B2900A Series of SMUs over GPIB,
USB or LAN connections (please see Figure 5). You can download this PC-based
software from Keysight's web site for free. The Keysight B2900A Quick I/V
Measurement Software also supports a variety of functions such as a sweep
measurement, a sampling measurement, graphical display functions and the
ability to save test results into CSV files.
Figure 5. It is easy to make a quick measurement on a PC using the Keysight B2900A Quick I/V Measurement Software
Easy custom program support
If you have specialized programming needs, then both Standard Commands
for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) and IVI-COM drivers are available for
the B2900A Series of SMUs. SCPI is an industry-standard command set for basic
instruments, and it has a uniform structure that supports a common set of
commands. The SCPI command set for the B2900A Series of SMUs not only
supports its advanced features but also general-purpose SMU commands (such
as those used by the Keithley 2400) to simplify test program migration. In addition
to SCPI, the IVI-COM drivers for the B2900A Series of SMUs work in a variety of
programming environments and languages so that you can develop programs
without having to use low-level commands.
5
Summary
The Keysight B2901/02/11/12A Precision Source/Measure Unit is the best
solution for IV characterization of diodes and a variety of other devices. Its wide
current and voltage measurement ranges (from 10 fA/100 nV to 10.5 A/210
V) provide superior measurement performance and allow you to characterize
devices more accurately and easily than ever before.
The easy-to-use GUI of the B2900A Series of SMUs has a variety of capabilities
and features that make it easy to take measurements quickly and to save
both the measurement setup conditions and data to USB-based flash memory
devices.
In addition to being able to control the B2900A Series of SMUs remotely over
GPIB, USB and LAN interfaces, Keysight supplies PC-based Keysight B2900A
Graphical Web Interface and Keysight B2900A Quick I/V Measurement Software
for free to simplify controlling the B2900A Series of SMUs from your PC.
For more detailed information on the various models of the B2900A Series of
SMUs, please refer to the B2900A Series data sheet (5990-7009EN).
The B2900A Series of SMUs enables you to quickly debug and accurately
characterize a wide variety of devices using only a single bench-top SMU.
Keysight B2961A/B2962A
6.5 digit Low Noise Power Source
If you need more source capabilities,
the best choice is Keysight Power Source.
See our B2900A series lineup.
www.keysight.com/find/b2900a
6
07 | Keysight | Diode Evaluation Using the Keysight B2900A Series of SMUs - Technical Overview
myKeysight For more information on Keysight
Technologies' products, applications or
www.keysight.com/find/mykeysight
services, please contact your local Keysight
A personalized view into the information most relevant to you.
office. The complete list is available at:
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