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Agilent 4396B Network/Spectrum/Impedance
Analyzer
User's Guide
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments which have the serial
number pre x JP1KE.
Agilent Part No. 04396-90051
Printed in Japan May 2003
Fifth Edition
Copyright 1997, 2000, 2002, 2003 Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.
c
Manual Printing History
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current
edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed.
(Minor corrections and updates that are incorporated at reprint do not
cause the date to change.) The manual part number changes when
extensive technical changes are incorporated.
March 1997 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : First Edition (part number: 04396-90021)
July 1997 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Second Edition (part number: 04396-90031)
March 2000 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Third Edition (part number: 04396-90031)
November 2002 : : : : : : : : : Fourth Edition (part number: 04396-90041)
May 2003 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Fifth Edition (part number: 04396-90051)
iii
Certi cation Agilent Technologies certi es that this product met its published
speci cations at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent
Technologies further certi es that its calibration measurements are
traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institution's calibration
facility, or to the calibration facilities of other International Standards
Organization members.
Warranty This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from
the date of shipment, except that in the case of certain components
listed in General Information of this manual, the warranty shall
be for the speci ed period. During the warranty period, Agilent
Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that
prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a
service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay
shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies
shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However,
Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products
returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.
Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and rmware
designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will
execute its programming instruction when property installed on that
instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation
of the instrument, or software, or rmware will be uninterrupted or
error free.
Limitation Of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from
improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied
software or interfacing, unauthorized modi cation or misuse,
operation outside the environmental speci cations for the product, or
improper site preparation or maintenance.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies
speci cally disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and
tness for a particular purpose.
iv
Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive
remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct,
indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based
on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.
Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance
agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales
and Service Oce. Addresses are provided at the back of this manual.
v
Safety Summary The following general safety precautions must be observed during all
phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with speci c WARNINGS elsewhere
in this manual may impair the protection provided by the equipment.
In addition it violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument.
The Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's
failure to comply with these requirements.
Note 4396B comply with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION
DEGREE 2 in IEC1010-1. 4396B are INDOOR USE product.
Note LEDs in this product are Class 1 in accordance with IEC825-1.
CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT
Ground The Instrument
To avoid electric shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet
must be connected to a safety earth ground by the supplied power
cable with earth blade.
DO NOT Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of
ammable gasses or
fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment
constitutes a de nite safety hazard.
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component
replacement and internal adjustments must be made by quali ed
maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power
cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may
exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always
disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them.
DO NOT Service Or Adjust Alone
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering rst aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT Substitute Parts Or Modify Instrument
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not
install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modi cations to the
instrument. Return the instrument to a Agilent Technologies Sales and
Service Oce for service and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
vi
Dangerous Procedure Warnings
Warnings , such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous
procedures throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the
warnings must be followed.
Warning Dangerous voltages, capable of causing death, are present in this
instrument. Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and
adjusting this instrument.
vii
Safety Symbols General de nitions of safety symbols used on equipment or in manuals
are listed below.
Instruction manual symbol: the product is marked
with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to
refer to the instruction manual.
Alternating current.
Direct current.
On (Supply).
O (Supply).
In position of push-button switch.
Out position of push-button switch.
Frame (or chassis) terminal. A connection to the
frame (chassis) of the equipment which normally
include all exposed metal structures.
This Warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls
attention to a procedure, practice, condition or the
like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in injury or death to personnel.
This Caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention
to a procedure, practice, condition or the like, which,
if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result
in damage to or destruction of part or all of the
product.
This Note sign denotes important information. It
calls attention to a procedure, practice, condition or
the like, which is essential to highlight.
Axed to product containing static sensitive devices
use anti-static handling procedures to prevent
electrostatic discharge damage to component.
viii
Typeface Conventions
Bold Boldface type is used when a term is de ned.
For example: icons are symbols.
Italics Italic type is used for emphasis and for titles
of manuals and other publications.
Italic type is also used for keyboard entries
when a name or a variable must be typed in
place of the words in italics. For example:
copy lename means to type the word copy,
to type a space, and then to type the name of
a le such as file1.
Computer Computer font is used for on-screen prompts
and messages.
4HARDKEYS5 Labeled keys on the instrument front panel
are enclosed in 4 5.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SOFTKEYS Softkeys located to the right of the CRT are
NNNNN
enclosed in .
ix
How To Use This Manual
This is a user's guide for the 4396B Network/Spectrum Analyzer. This
manual contains two quick start tours, measurement examples, an
installation and setup guide and a table that tells you where to nd
more information.
Installation and Setup Guide
Chapters 1 provides installation information that includes an
initial inspection, power line setting, test-set setup, and keyboard
connection. If you do not prepare the analyzer yet, read this section
rst.
Quick Start Tour Chapters 2 and 3 provide step-by-step instructions for you if you are
operating the analyzer for the rst time. By performing these tours,
you will become familiar with the basic operations of the analyzer.
Chapter 2 is for the spectrum analyzer mode, and chapter 3 is for the
network analyzer mode.
Measurement Examples
Chapters 4 and 5 provide how to use the analyzer for typical network
and spectrum measurement. Chapter 4 contains measurement
examples of spectrum measurement applications, and chapter 5
contains examples of network measurement applications.
For More Information Appendix A provides a table that helps you nd the information you
need in the documentation set.
x
Documentation Map
The following manuals are available for the analyzer.
User's Guide (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x1 1 )
The User's Guide walks you through system setup and initial power-on, shows how to
make basic measurements, explains commonly used features, and typical application
measurement examples. After you receive your analyzer, begin with this manual.
Task Reference (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x0 1)
Task Reference helps you to learn how to use the analyzer. This manual provides simple
step-by-step instructions without concepts.
Function Reference (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x2 1 )
The Function Reference describes all function accessed from the front panel keys and
softkeys. It also provides information on options and accessories available, speci cations,
system performance, and some topics about the analyzer's features.
Programming Guide (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x3 1 )
The Programming Guide shows how to write and use BASIC program to control the
analyzer and describes how Instrument BASIC works with the analyzer..
GPIB Command Reference (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x4 1 )
The GPIB Command Reference provides a summary of all available GPIB commands. It
also provides information on the status reporting structure and the trigger system (these
features conform to the SCPI standard).
Option 010 Operating Handbook (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x6 1 )
The option 010 Operation Handbook describes the unique impedance measurement
functions of the 4396B with option 010.
Instrument BASIC Manual Set (Agilent Part Number 04155-90151(E2083-90000))
The Instrument BASIC User's Handbook introduces you to the Instrument BASIC
programming language, provide some helpful hints on getting the most use from it, and
provide a general programming reference. It is divided into three books, Instrument
BASIC Programming Techniques, Instrument BASIC Interface Techniques, and
Instrument BASIC Language Reference.
Performance Test Manual (Agilent Part Number 04396-901x0 1 )
The Performance Test Manual explains how to verify conformance to published
speci cations.
Service Manual (Agilent Part Number 04396-901x1 1 )
The Service Manual explains how to adjust, troubleshoot, and repair the instrument.
This manual is option 0BW only.
1 The number indicated by \x" in the part number of each manual, is allocated for numbers increased by one each
time a revision is made. The latest edition comes with the product.
xi
Contents
1. Installation and Setup Guide
Incoming Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Replacing Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Fuse Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Power Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Operation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Providing clearance to dissipate heat at installation site . 1-6
Instruction for Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Rack/Handle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Option 1CN Handle Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Installing the Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Mounting the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Option 1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit . . . . . . . . 1-8
Mounting the Handle and Rack . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode . . . 1-12
Connecting an Active Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
For Spectrum Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
For Network Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Connecting a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Setting Up a 75
Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
2. Spectrum Analyzer Tour
Before You Leave On The Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Step 1: Preparing for a Measurement . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Turning ON the analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Connecting the Test Signal Source . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Step 2: Setting Up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Setting the Active Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Setting the Analyzer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Selecting the Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Setting the Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Step 3: Making a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Reading the Peak Level Using the Marker . . . . . . 2-8
Setting the Resolution Bandwidth to See Low Level
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Contents-1
Searching for Harmonics Using the Search Function . 2-11
Step 4: Saving and Recalling Analyzer Settings . . . . . 2-12
Preparing the Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Saving Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Entering the File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Recalling the Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
3. Network Analyzer Tour
Before You Leave On The Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Step 1: Preparing for the Measurement . . . . . . . . 3-3
Turning ON the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Connecting the DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Step 2: Setting up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Setting the Active Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Setting the Analyzer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Selecting the Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Setting the Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Performing the Automatic Scaling . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Step 3: Making a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Step 4: Reading a Measurement Result . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Reading a Measured Value by Using Marker . . . . . 3-12
Step 5: Printing Out the Measurement Result . . . . . 3-14
Con guring and Connecting a Printer . . . . . . . . 3-14
Making a Hardcopy of the LCD Display . . . . . . . 3-14
4. Spectrum Measurement Examples
Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Harmonic Distortion Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Test Signal and Test Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Multiple Peak Search and Marker List For Harmonic
Distortion Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
C/N Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Fixed 1Marker and Noise Format for C/N Measurement 4-4
Tracking a Drifting Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Tracking an Unstable Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Network Measurement with Spectrum Monitor . . . . . 4-7
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Performing Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Network Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Contents-2
Monitoring the Leakage Signal at the B Input Using the
Spectrum Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
AM Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Carrier Amplitude and Frequency Measurement Using
the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Modulating Frequency and Modulation Index
Measurement Using 1Marker . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
FM Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Frequency Deviation of Wide Band FM Signal . . . . 4-12
Frequency Deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Carrier Level and Modulating Frequency . . . . . . 4-13
Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . 4-14
Burst Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Gated Sweep for Burst Signal Measurement . . . . . 4-17
Zero Span for Time Domain Measurement . . . . . . 4-17
5. Network Measurement Examples
Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Example DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Measuring Transmission Characteristics of a Filter . . . 5-2
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Performing Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Read Out Insertion Loss Using the Marker . . . . . . 5-3
3 dB Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Ripple or Flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Measuring Phase Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Using the Expanded Phase Mode . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Measuring Electrical Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Electrical Length Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Measuring Phase Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Deviation from Linear Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Group Delay Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Smoothing Group Delay Trace . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Where to Find More Information . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Re
ection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Contents-3
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Performing Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Return Loss and Re
ection Coecient . . . . . . . . 5-14
Standing Wave Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
S-Parameters Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Data Readout Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Admittance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
List Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Sweep Time Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Creating a Sweep List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Performing List Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Dynamic Range Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Filter Testing Using Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Example of Limit Lines For Filter Testing . . . . . . 5-22
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Creating Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Performing Limit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Separated Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Gain Compression Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Performance Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Absolute Output Level Measurement . . . . . . . . . 5-27
A. For More Information
Index
Contents-4
Figures
1-1. Power Cable Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1-2. Rack Mount Kits Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-3. Connecting a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set . . . . 1-12
1-4. Connecting an S-parameter Test Set . . . . . . . . . 1-13
1-5. Spectrum Analyzer Mode (One Active Probe) . . . . . 1-14
1-6. Network Analyzer Mode (One Active Probe) . . . . . 1-15
1-7. Network Analyzer Mode (Two Active Probes) . . . . 1-16
1-8. Using a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set . . . . . . . 1-17
1-9. Connecting a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
2-1. Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
3-1. Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3-2. Transmission/Re
ection Test Set Setup . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-3. S-Parameter Test Set Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
4-1. Basic Connection for Spectrum Measurement . . . . . 4-1
4-2. Harmonics Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-3. Using Multiple Peak Search and Marker List to Measure
Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-4. Using Markers and Noise Format to Measure C/N Ratio 4-4
4-5. Display When Starting Signal Track . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4-6. Display After Signal Has Drifted . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4-7. In
uence on Network Measurement by Leakage from
an Adjacent Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-8. Network Measurement With Spectrum Monitor Setup . 4-7
4-9. Transmission Measurement Result (In
uenced by
Leakage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
4-10. Spectrum Monitoring Result at the B Input . . . . . . 4-9
4-11. Dual Display of Network and Spectrum Measurement . 4-9
4-12. Carrier Amplitude and Frequency of AM Signal . . . 4-11
4-13. Modulating Frequency of AM Signal . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4-14. Wide Band FM Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . . 4-13
4-15. Zooming Carrier Signal of FM Signal . . . . . . . . . 4-14
4-16. Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement . . . . . . . . 4-14
4-17. Maximum and Minimum Envelopes of Narrow Band FM
Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
4-18. Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes . . . . . . . 4-15
4-19. Burst Signal Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
4-20. Burst Signal Measurement Result Using Normal Sweep 4-17
4-21. Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep . . . . 4-17
4-22. Burst Signal Spectrum and Test Signal Envelope . . . 4-18
5-1. Transmission Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2. Response of a Dielectric Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-3. Using the Marker to Determine 3 dB Bandwidth . . . 5-4
5-4. Using Peak Search to Determine Ripple . . . . . . . 5-5
5-5. Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter . 5-6
5-6. Expanded Phase Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Contents-5
5-7. Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Over a 50 MHz
Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5-8. Electrical Length Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5-9. Deviation From Linear Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
5-10. Group Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
5-11. Re
ection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
5-12. Re
ection Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
5-13. Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
5-14. SWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
5-15. S11 on Polar Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
5-16. Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
5-17. Admittance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
5-18. Sweep List Edit Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
5-19. Dynamic Range Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
5-20. Editing the Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
5-21. Separated Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
5-22. Gain Compression Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . 5-25
5-23. Gain Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
5-24. Input vs. Output Power Level at the 01 dB Gain
Compression Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Contents-6
Tables
1-1. Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1-2. Fuse Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1-3. Rack Mount Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Contents-7
1
Installation and Setup Guide
This chapter provides installation and setup instructions. It contains
the following information:
Incoming Inspection
Replacing Fuse
Power Requirements
Operation Environment
Ventilation Requirements
Instruction for Cleaning
Rack/Handle Installation
Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode
Connecting an Active Probe
Connecting a Keyboard
Setting Up a 75
Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer Mode
Incoming Inspection
Warning To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not turn on the 4396B
when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the
outer enclosure (for example, covers, panel, or display)
Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container
or cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents
of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the 4396B
has been checked mechanically and electrically. The contents of
the shipment should be as listed in Table 1-1. If the contents are
incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, or if the analyzer
does not pass the power-on selftests, notify the nearest Agilent
Technologies oce. If the shipping container is damaged, or the
cushioning material shows signs of unusual stress, notify the carrier as
well as the Agilent Technologies oce. Keep the shipping materials
for the carrier's inspection.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-1
Table 1-1. Contents
Description Agilent Part Number
Network/Spectrum/Impedance Analyzer 4396B
N to BNC adapter (50
) 1250-0780
BNC cable 8120-1839
Sample Program Disk (2 disks) 04396-18010
Power Cable1 -
CD-ROM (for manuals)23 04396-905xx
Option 810 only
mini-DIN Keyboard C3757-60401
Option ABA only
Documents
Task Reference 04396-900x0 3
User's Guide 04396-900x1 3
Function Reference 04396-900x2 3
Programming Guide 04396-900x3 3
GPIB Command Reference 04396-900x4 3
Performance Test Manual 04396-901x0 3
Instrument BASIC User's HandBook 04155-90151
Option 010 Operation Handbook 04396-900x63
Option 0BW only
Service Manual 04396-901x1 3
Option 1D5 only
BNC Adapter 1250-1859
Option 1D7 only
50
/75
Minimum Loss Pad 11852B option 004
50
BNC-75
N Adapter 1250-2438
Option 1CN Handle Kit
Handle Kit 5062-3991
Option 1CM Handle Kit
Rack Mount Kit 5062-3979
Option 1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit
Rack Mount & Handle Kit 5062-3985
1 The power cable depends on where the instrument is used,see Figure 1-1.
2 CD-ROM contains the contents of the Task Reference, User's Guide, Function
Reference, Programming Guide, GPIB Command Reference, Performance Test
Manual, Instrument Basic user's Handbook and Option 010 Operation Handbook.
3 The number indicated by \x" in the part number of each manual, is allocated for
numbers increased by one each time a revision is made. The latest edition comes
with the product.
1-2 Installation and Setup Guide
Replacing Fuse
Fuse Selection Select proper fuse according to the Table 1-2.
Table 1-2. Fuse Selection
Fuse Rating/Type Fuse Part Number
5A 250Vac
UL/CSA type 2110-0030
Time Delay
For ordering the fuse,contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales
and Service Oce.
Lever a small minus screwdriver to To check or replace the fuse, pull the fuse
dismount the fuse holder above the AC holder and remove the fuse. To reinstall
line receptacle on the rear panel. the fuse, insert a fuse with the proper
rating into the fuse holder.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-3
Power Requirements
The 4396B requires the following power source:
Voltage : 90 to 132 Vac, 198 to 264 Vac
Frequency : 47 to 63 Hz
Power : 300 VA maximum
Power Cable In accordance with international safety standards, this instrument
is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an
appropriate ac power outlet, this cable grounds the instrument
frame.
The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on
the country of destination. Refer to Figure 1-1 for the part numbers
of the power cables available.
Warning For protection from electrical shock, the power cable ground
must not be defeated.
The power plug must be plugged into an outlet that provides a
protective earth ground connection.
1-4 Installation and Setup Guide
Figure 1-1. Power Cable Supplied
Installation and Setup Guide 1-5
Operation Environment
The 4396B must be operated under within the following environment
conditions, and sucient space must be kept behind the 4396B to
avoid obstructing the air
ow of the cooling fans.
Temperature: 0 C to 40 C
Humidity: less than 95% RH at 40 C
Note The 4396B must be protected from temperature extremes which could
cause condensation within the instrument.
Providing clearance to dissipate heat at installation site
To ensure the speci cations and measurement accuracy of the
product, you must keep ambient temperature around the product
within the speci ed range by providing appropriate cooling clearance
around the product or, for the rackmount type, by forcefully
air-cooling inside the rack housing. For information on ambient
temperature to satisfy the speci cations and measurement accuracy of
the product, refer to \Speci cations" in Chapter 10 of the Function
Reference.
When the ambient temperature around the product is kept within the
temperature range of the operating environment speci cation (refer
to \Operation Conditions" in Chapter 10 of the function reference),
the product conforms to the requirements of the safety standard.
Furthermore, under that temperature environment, it has been
con rmed that the product still conforms to the requirements of the
safety standard when it is enclosed with cooling clearance as follows:
Conditions
Rear 180 mm
Side 60 mm
Instruction for Cleaning
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the 4396B power cable from
the receptacle before cleaning. Wipe with a dry cloth or a soft cloth
that is soaked with water and wrung tightly without undeue pressure
to clean the casing. Do not attempt to clean the 4396B internally.
1-6 Installation and Setup Guide
Rack/Handle Installation
The analyzer can be rack mounted and used as a component in a
measurement system. Figure 1-2 shows how to rack mount the
analyzer.
Table 1-3. Rack Mount Kits
Option Description Agilent Part
Number
1CN Handle Kit 5062-3991
1CM Rack Mount Kit 5062-3979
1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit 5062-3985
Figure 1-2. Rack Mount Kits Installation
Option 1CN Handle Kit
Option 1CN is a handle kit containing a pair of handles and the
necessary hardware to attach them to the instrument.
Installing the Handle
1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips
from the left and right
1
front sides of the analyzer.
2. Attach the front handles
to the sides using the screws provided.
3
3. Attach the trim strips
to the handles.
4
Installation and Setup Guide 1-7
Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit
Option 1CM is a rack mount kit containing a pair of
anges and the
necessary hardware to mount them to the instrument in an equipment
rack with 482.6 mm (19 inches) horizontal spacing.
Mounting the Rack
1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips
from the left and right
1
front sides of the analyzer.
2. Attach the rack mount
ange
to the left and right front sides of
2
the analyzer using the screws provided.
3. Remove all four feet (lift bar on the inner side of the foot, and
slide the foot toward the bar).
Option 1CP Rack Mount & Handle Kit
Option 1CP is a rack mount kit containing a pair of
anges and the
necessary hardware to mount them to an instrument which has
handles attached, in an equipment rack with 482.6 mm (19 inches)
spacing.
Mounting the Handle and Rack
1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strips
from the left and right
1
front sides of the analyzer.
2. Attach the front handle
and the rack mount
ange
together
3 5
on the left and right front sides of the analyzer using the screws
provided.
3. Remove all four feet (lift bar on the inner side of the foot, and
slide the foot toward the bar).
1-8 Installation and Setup Guide
Front View
1. LCD displays measured results, softkey menus, current settings,
system messages, error messages, and Instrument BASIC programs.
2. 4LINE5 switch turns the analyzer ON and OFF.
3. 3.5 inch disk drive is used to store measurement results,
instrument settings, display images, and Instrument BASIC
programs.
4. CAL OUT (spectrum analyzer calibration output port)
supplies a reference signal (20 MHz, -20 dbm) for reference level
calibration.
5.
S input (spectrum analyzer input) receives a signal for a
spectrum measurement.
INSTALLATION CATEGORY I
6. RF OUT (RF signal output port) supplies a source signal for
network measurements.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-9
7.
R, A, and B inputs (RF signal inputs) mainly accept signals
for network measurements, but can also be used as spectrum
measurement inputs.
INSTALLATION CATEGORY I
8. MARKER block contains keys related to the marker functions.
9. INSTRUMENT STATE block contains keys related to setting
analyzer functions.
10. ENTRY block contains numerical keys, rotary knob,
increment/decrement keys, edit keys, and unit-terminator keys.
11. Rotary knob changes displayed value by turning the knob.
12. SWEEP block contains keys related to the sweep functions.
13. MEASUREMENT block controls the measurement and display
functions.
14. ACTIVE CHANNEL block selects the active channel as 1 or 2.
15. Softkeys used with hierarchical menus that are displayed by
pressing hardkeys. Pressing a softkey activates the displayed
function or accesses a lower level menu.
1-10 Installation and Setup Guide
Rear View
16. TEST SET-I/O INTERCONNECT connects the S-parameter
test set to the analyzer.
Caution If you connect a printer with the TEST SET-I/O INTERCONNECT,it
may cause damage to the printer. Do not connect a printer to this
connector.
17. Parallel interface connects the printer to the analyzer.
18. GPIB interface controls an GPIB instrument or can be controlled
by an external controller.
19. Power cable receptacle connects the power cable. Fuse is held
in the cover of the receptacle.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-11
Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode
To use the network analyzer mode of the analyzer, a test set is
required to measure the transmission and re
ection characteristics of
the device under test (DUT).
You can use either the 87512A/B transmission/re
ection (T/R) test
set or the 85046A/B S-parameter test set. The 87512A/B T/R test set
measures re
ection and transmission in the forward direction only.
The 85046A/B S-parameter test set measures both the forward and
reverse directions without reconnection.
For more information about the test sets, see chapter 9 of the
Function Reference manual.
Connecting a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set
Figure 1-3. Connecting a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set
1. Place the transmission/re
ection (T/R) test set in front of the
analyzer.
2. Connect the R and A ports of the analyzer and the T/R test set to
each other.
3. Connect the RF OUT port of the analyzer and the RF IN port of the
T/R test set with a semi-rigid cable.
1-12 Installation and Setup Guide
Note
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
When you use the 87512B, press 4Cal5 MORE SET Z0 . Then press 475 455
4215 to set the characteristic impedance (Z0 ) to 75
.
Connecting an S-parameter Test Set
Figure 1-4. Connecting an S-parameter Test Set
1. Place the analyzer on the S-parameter test set.
2. Connect the TEST SET-I/O INTERCONNECT interface on the
rear panel of the analyzer and the NETWORK ANALYZER-I/O
INTERCONNECT interface of the test set using the cable furnished
with the test set.
3. Connect the RF OUT, R, A, and B inputs of the analyzer to the
S-parameter test set to each other.
Note
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
When you use the 85064B, press 4Cal5 MORE SET Z0 . Then press 475 455
4215 to set the characteristic impedance (Z0 ) to 75
.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-13
Connecting an Active Probe
The active probe allows you to analyze an in-circuit signal or device
that has no port for connecting to the test set. The active probe can
be used for both spectrum and network measurements.
The analyzer can use the following active probes:
85024A High Frequency Probe (300 kHz to 3 GHz)
41800A Active Probe (5 Hz to 500 MHz)
41802A 1 M
Input Adapter (5 Hz to 100 MHz)
51701A Active Probe (DC to 2.5 GHz)
11945A Close- eld Probe Set
1141A Dierential Probe
For more information about these active probes, see chapter 9 of the
Function Reference manual.
For Spectrum Analyzer Mode
Figure 1-5. Spectrum Analyzer Mode (One Active Probe)
1. Connect the output connector of the active probe to the S port of
the analyzer.
2. Plug the probe power plug into the PROBE POWER connector.
1-14 Installation and Setup Guide
For Network Analyzer Mode
Using One Active Probe
Figure 1-6. Network Analyzer Mode (One Active Probe)
1. Connect the power splitter to the RF OUT port.
2. Connect one output from the power splitter to the R input.
3. Connect the other output of the power splitter to the DUT.
4. Connect the active probe to the B input and plug the probe plug
into the PROBE POWER connector.
5. If necessary, terminate the DUT with a load.
Note The following power splitters are available for the analyzer:
11850C,D Three-way Power Splitter
11667A Power Splitter
For more information about these power splitters, see chapter 9 of the
Funtion Reference manual.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-15
Using Two Active Probes
Figure 1-7. Network Analyzer Mode (Two Active Probes)
1. Connect one active probe to the R input.
2. Connect the other active probe to the B input.
3. Connect the RF OUT port to the DUT.
4. If necessary, terminate the DUT with a load.
1-16 Installation and Setup Guide
Using a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set
Figure 1-8. Using a Transmission/Re
ection Test Set
1. Connect the 87512A/B T/R test set.
2. Connect the active probe to the B input.
3. If necessary, terminate the DUT with a load.
Connecting a Keyboard
An mini-DIN keyboard can be connected to the mini-DIN connector
on the rear panel of the analyzer. The mini-DIN keyboard provides an
easier way to enter characters for the le names, display titles, and
Instrument BASIC programs. It can also access the analyzer softkey
functions by using keyboard function keys. For more information on
the mini-DIN keyboard, see Using HP Instrument BASIC with the
4396B.
Installation and Setup Guide 1-17
Figure 1-9. Connecting a Keyboard
Setting Up a 75
Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer Mode
Note This operation requires the option 1D7 50
to 75
Input Impedance
Conversion. For detail information about option 1D7, see chapter 9 of
the Function Reference manual.
1. Attach the 11852B Option C04 50
N(m)/75
N(f) minimum loss
pad to the S input. This minimum loss pad is furnished with the
option 1D7.
2. Press 4Cal5.
3. Press INPUT Z .
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
4. Press 4*5 to set the impedance of the source (75
). Then press
4Entry O5.
Note Perform this procedure each time the analyzer is preset because the
analyzer does not retain this setting in memory.
1-18 Installation and Setup Guide
2
Spectrum Analyzer Tour
In this chapter, you explore the spectrum analyzer mode of operation.
Before starting this tour, verify the analyzer is correctly installed
(see chapter 1, \Installation and Setup Guide," if you need additional
information).
Before You Leave On The Tour
On this tour, you will learn how to make a basic spectrum analyzer
measurement by measuring the CAL OUT signal of the analyzer.
Overview The following is a short summary of the tour:
1. Preparing for a measurement
Turning ON the analyzer
Connecting the test signal source
2. Setting up the analyzer
Setting the active channel
Selecting the analyzer type
Selecting the input
Setting the frequency range
3. Making a Measurement
Reading the peak level using the marker
Setting the resolution bandwidth to see low level signals
Searching for harmonics using the search function
4. Saving and recalling the analyzer settings
Preparing the disk
Saving analyzer settings
Entering the le name
Recalling the analyzer settings
After you nish this tour, you will understand how to make a basic
measurement in the spectrum analyzer mode of operation. If you
want to learn how to perform more complex tasks, see the Task
Reference manual.
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