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                                              Agilent AN 372-2
                                              Battery Testing
                                              Application Note




An electronic load can be used to discharge batteries of various
chemistries to determine actual capacity, capacity retention,
and internal impedance.
Introduction




Increasing demand for portable DC                   Whether testing batteries in R&D or
power has risen from improvements                   production environments, the test
in battery and motor design technol-                requirements for each of the different
ogy. More than ever before, portable                battery types are basically the same.
DC powered products have become                     Figure 1 shows a common test config-
available in many diverse applications.             uration. In general, the testing of a
Rechargeable batteries appear in all                battery involves discharging it over
types of products from analytical                   a period of time to determine several
electronic equipment to power tools                 specifications. This application note
and toys. In some instances, these                  will concentrate on the test of second-
diverse applications pose different                 ary batteries because they require             Figure 1. Common Test Configuration
requirements on the source of DC                    additional tests involving recharging.
Power. Fortunately, availability of                 Nickel-cadmium batteries, in partic-
many types of battery chemistries                   ular, are discussed because they are
yield unique characteristics. Table 1               the most universally used type of
contains just some of the different                 secondary battery in today's demand-
battery types and their advantages.                 ing applications.




Table 1. Characteristics and Applications of Different Battery Types

                Nickel-          Gelled Lead           Lithium           Carbon         Alkaline          Silver              Mercuric
                Cadmium          Acid                                    Zinc                             Oxide               Oxide

Volts/Cell      1.2              2.0                   1.5 to 1          1.5            1.5               1.5                 1.4

Applications    portable         standby service,      memory backup,    average use    good general      button-sized        button-sized cells
                equipment,       rechargeable          pacemakers,                      purpose battery   cells for watches   for watches and
                rechargeable                           electronic                                         and hearing aids    hearing aids
                                                       door locks,
                                                       emergency
                                                       locator
                                                       transmitters

Charge          CC               CV, float charge      N/A               N/A            N/A               N/A                 N/A
Method

Cycle Life      500+ cycles      200 cycles            N/A               N/A            N/A               N/A                 N/A

Life            3 mos.           1 year                5 to 10+ years    1 to 5 years   5% loss/yr.       6% loss/yr.         4% loss/yr.
(Charged)       (

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