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H EW LETT.PACKAFI D J O U FINAL
Technical Inlormation trom the Laboratories ot Hewlett-Packard Company
1981
MARCH 3
Volume r Number
32
Contents:
New Display Station Offers Multiple Screen Windows and Dual Data Communications
Ports, by Gary C. Staas tt'sfour terminals one, bringing new flexibility computerappli-
in to
cation sysfems.
Dispfay Station's User Interface ls Designed for Increased Productivity, by Gordon C.
Graham Easy access to an extensive feature set requiresa thorough,thoughtfulapproach
to the user interface.
Hardware and Firmware Support for Four Virtual Terminals in One Display Station' by
Srnlvas Sukumarand John D. Wiese The goalswere 26454 compatibility, improvedpricel
performanceand reliabitity, and ease of use, manufacturing,and service.
A sificon'on-sapphire Integrated video controller, by Jean-claude Roy Integration
was considered mandatory to make the display system practical and reliable.
SC-GutQuartz Oscillator Offers lmproved Performance,by J. RobertBurgoonand Robert
L. Wilson lt's more stableand /ess noisy, warms up fasfer, and uses /ess power.
The SC Cut, a Brief Summary, by Charles Adamsand John A. Kusters Firstintroduced
A.
in 1974, fhe stress compensated cut has many virtues.
Flexible Circuit Packaging of a Crystal Oscillator, by James H. Steinmetz Selectively
stiffenedflexibtecircuitry is a radical approach that meets tough obiectives.
New Temperature Probe Locates Circuit Hot Spots, by Marvin F. Estes and Donald
Zimmer, Jr. tt provides fast, accuratetemperaturemeasurementsfor design, diagnostic,
and testingaPPlications.
In this Issue:
The shiny rock on this month'scover is a pieceof cultured(laboratory-grown) quartz.The
thin transoarent disc mountedin its holderin front of the rock is a quartzcrystalof the type
used for frequencycontroland timing in many electronic devices,including quartzwrist-
the
watchesthat some of us wear (not all crystalsare as large as this one). When these thin
slices of quatlz arc subjectedto an alternating voltage,they vibrate,and they vibratemuch
more stronglyat one frequency than at any other.lt's this propertythat makesthem usefulas
-fi,
I frequencyand time references.
Y .
Quartz is a crystallinematerial,which means that its atoms line up in a regularpatternor
lattice.Thin crystaldiscsfor frequencycontrolare taken from largequartzrocksby slicingthe quartzat specific
anglesto the crystallattice.Different anglesproducedifferentsets of desirableproperties. The new HP crystal
oscillatordescribedin the articleon page 20 derives its frequencystability from a crystalthat has been cut to
make it relativelyinsensitive temperature
to variations.This propertyand some state-of-the-art circuitdesign
give the new oscillator,Model 10811lVB, betterstability,lower power consumption, and faster warmup than
earlierHP crystaloscillators. Model10811//B is designed serveas a highlystablef requency time reference
to or
in precision laboratoryinstruments, especiallythose that haveto operatefor long periodswithoutadjustment'
Pages3 through19of thisissuedescribe newcomputer
a terminal,Model26264Display Station, meetsa
that
needbt many computerusersfor a terminalthat can handlerelatively complexoperations. Internally 26264
the
can be set up to functionas up to four separate"virtual"terminals. The operatorcan see on the screenwhat's
happeningin one, two, three, or all four of these virtual terminalsat the same time, and can affect what's
happening one virtual
in terminal a time,usingthe keyboard. two virtual
at Any terminals communicate
can with
differentcomputers or the same computer at the same time. This kind of flexibilityopens up many new
possibilities computerapplicationsystems.
for
Wrappingup the issue is an articleaboutthe 100234Temperature Probe,a simpledevicethat helpscircuit
designers find and eliminatecircuithot spots that may indicateproblemsor likely failure sites'
R. P. Dolan
Editor,Fichard P. Dolan. AssociateEditor,KennethA. Shaw. Art Director,Photographer, Arvid A. Danielson
l l l u s t r a t o N a n c vS . V a n d e r b l o o m . d m i n i s t r a t i v ee r v i c e sT y p o g r a p h yA n n e S . L o P r e s te E u r o p e a n r o d u c t i o n a n a g e r D i c k L e e k s m a
r. A S , , i P M '
'98l @ Hewletl Packard Companv 1981 Pnnted n U S A
2 iE\ALF-'-DAchAqD Jo-RNA- N,4Aqcd
New Displ StationOffers Multiple
ay
ScreenWindowsand Dual Data
CommunicationsPorts
Thisversatile computerterminal
can act like four virtual
terminals. designedfor data entryand program
/f's
development.
by Gary C. Staas
EW DATA ENTRY and program development ca- play Station are reflected in many of the characteristics of
pabilities are provided by a new HP CRT terminal, the terminal. An important characteristic is compatibility
Model 2626A Display Station, which lets the user with the HP 2645A Terminal. Terminal drivers and applica-
display, compare, and combine data from two different tion programs that work with the 2645A will also work with
computers and four different memory workspaces simul- the 2626,4,,thereby protecting users' software investments.
taneously. The new terminal [Fig. 1) has dual data com- The new terminal is also reliable and is easy to build,
munications ports for connection to computers or periph- check out, and service. The reliability goal was 8,000 hours
erals and the user can divide both the display memory MTBF (mean time between failures). An extensive set of self-
and the display screen into as many as four independent tests is built into the terminal, and some of these tests can
work areas. Other features are line widths up to 160 char- isolate failures to the component level. One test, which
acters with horizontal scrolling, screen-labeled softkeys, repeatedly executes most of the other terminal tests, is used
an optional built-in thermal forms-copy printer, pro- after terminal assembly to spot failures in the factory. To
grammable tones for audio cues, and keys for interactive make the terminal easy to build, there are very few options
forms design. and the 2626A has many components in common with
DesignObjectives other terminals in the 262Xline. The factory does very little
Theobjectives guided design the 2626A
that configuration ofthe terminal. Since that is an easy process,
the of Dis-
Fig. 1. Model 26264 DisptaySta-
tion is a multi-workspace, multi-
wtndow computer terminal that
has dual data communications
porfs. /ts capabilities may be con-
figured dynamically as four logi-
cally independent vittual termi-
nals. The terminal can handle line
lengths up to 160 characters and
offers foreign language options
and an optional built-in pilnter.
I\,4ABCH
1981I-']EWLETT.PACKARO
.IOURNNT
3
it is almost totally left to the user. of softkey levels having similar functions.
User sophistication varies considerably, from the data
entry clerk to the very knowledgeable OEM customer. Each Workspaces and Windows
user needs to take advantageof a different set of features.A When the terminal is powered on, it partitions memory
department manager of a data entry operation, for example, into displayablelines of equal sizes.The user can select a
needs to configure the terminal for use by data entry clerks. length from B0 to 1.60characters line. Lines 132 charac-
per
The terminal provides configuration menus for this pur- ters wide, for instance,are useful for holding datato be sent
pose.On the other hand, theseconfiguration menus can be
locked out and made unavailable to the clerks to avoid
confusing them with details they don't need. Form 4
Among many new concepts embodied in the terminal is tl
the ability to handle more than one job at a time. Like
several sheetsof paper on a desk, each relating to a different Workspace4
task,the 2626ADisplay Station splits its display screeninto
as many as four windows, each with independent data. The
dual datacommports allow thesewindows to communicate
with more than one computer program at once.
The optional built-in thermal printer avoids the problems
of expensive,distant, large, and noisy impact printers. It
was considered essentialto be able to print whatever was on
the screen,such asforms and specialcharactersets,and the
integral printer makes this possible.
To allow a user to draw simple bar charts without
graphics capability, one of the terminal's character sets has
been expanded to include appropriate characters. The
forms-drawing keys make it easyto design data entry forms.
Foreign Ianguage support is an important goal in the
international marketplace.The 2626A provides six Euro-
pean languages, including mute and overshike characters.
The 26264 uses HP's silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) large-
scaleintegrated circuit process.This and other design fea- Data
tures make it possible to offer a terminal with a much
improved and expandedfeaturesetfor a cost comparableto Form 3 Form 4
an HP 2645A. tl
Softkeys Workspace 4
To allow easyaccess terminal functions, the 2626A has
to
eight softkeysthat do not have fixed functions. A two-row-
high label at the bottom of the screenjust aboveeachsoftkey
indicates its current function. A function key that indicates
Undisplayed
a terminal mode, such asREMOTHLOCAL, an asteriskon
has
Workspaces
its label when the corresponding function is on. The
softkeyscan be locked so the terminal stayswithin a group
Workspace 1 Workspace 2 80
1
-lt
Flg.3. (a) ln this example, the terminal has four workspaces,
Workspace 4 Bo
'I each holding a form. Workspace 1 is displayed in the
l keyboard window and the uset can type data into form 1.
Workspaces2,3, and 4 are not displayed in a screen window.
,,L
Flg.2. ln this example, portions of three 26264 workspaces
The host computer is connected to workspacelwindow 1. (b)
After the user presses the ENIEa key the host displays work-
space 2 in the keyboard window and workspace 1 is no longer
displayed. The host remains attached to workspace 1 and
are displayed in windows on the screen. Workspace 4 is not receives the data just entered while the user fills form 2 in
displayed. workspace 2.
4 rewurr-pnc
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