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Keysight Technologies
Testing Circuit Board Power Distribution
Using Real World Distortions




        Application Note
Introduction


     The Role of a Pulse Function Arbitrary
     Noise Generator in Stress Test Applications
     Situation analysis
     In this digital era, embedded design engineers are using integrated circuits (ICs) to solve electronic
     challenges. Populated on printed circuit boards (PCBs), the ICs typically receive power from a central
     supply. With each IC used, its impact on electrical power must be considered. Most ICs draw current
     only when changing electrical states and this irregular power use introduces distortions to the power
     supply network.

     Such signal distortions potentially interfere with other circuits and raise the electrical noise level.
     This leads to reduced signal-to-noise ratios and affects the signal integrity on the outputs of the
     ICs. In a worst case scenario, noise can negatively affect the operation of the IC. Fluctuating
     voltage levels can interfere with correct IC operation as well.

     To limit the effect of these irregularities, hardware engineers use an array of protective circuits.
     Common methods to safeguard ICs include using a decoupling capacitor to counter voltage
     luctuation, and incorporating an inductor to limit the noise level. Unfortunately, every compen-
     sation method used to minimize power distortions at the circuit has its limitations.

     For example, consider the use of a decoupling capacitor. Material imperfections within the
     capacitor lead to equivalent serial resistance. Capacitor and packaging lead to equivalent serial
     inductance. These parasitic effects negatively inluence the capacitor's technical characteristics.
     At high frequencies the capacitor behaves more like an inductor or resistor--defeating its original
     purpose in the circuitry.
Solution Coniguration                 Testing components and compensation circuits under real-world conditions
                                      is essential. It is this process that allows engineers to assess the PCB's
                                      design and power consumption. Testing also provides engineers with the
                                      insight necessary to enhance the device's overall performance.

                                      Figure 1 illustrates an effective method for simulating real-world conditions
                                      during the design stages. The components of this solution are summarized
                                      in Table 1.


                                                         Oscilloscope                                       Oscilloscope




                                  L                                                                   OUT0            OUT1

                                                                         VCC
        DC power supply                                  TP1                                          TP2
                                                                                          IC
                                                   C

                                                                         GND


               Pulse function arbitrary noise
               generator 81150A or 81160A

                                      Figure 1. Test setup for simulating real-world conditions



                                      Table 1. Test equipment to simulate real-world conditions
                                       Device Type             Keysight Solution
                                       DC power supply         E3631A 80W triple output power supply, 6 V, 5 A, and
                                                               

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