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Principle, Knowledge and Maintenance of
AV215T (RU)
Contents
Chapter One Product Description
Chapter Two Operating Principle
Section One Overall Structure
Section Two Volume Board
Section Three Signal Processing Board
Section Four CPU Board
Section Five Control Panel
Section Six Power Panel
Section Seven Power Amplifier Board and Protection Circuit
Chapter Three Maintenance Process
Chapter One Product Description
AV215T (RU) is an advanced power amplifier with complete functions that adds
LCD to its predecessor as well as 16 kinds of spectrum displays in the sky-blue
background which makes it more extraordinary. The radio reception makes this type
of device the best choice for users who are fond of radios. Its main features are as
follows:
1. Built-in 5-track power amplifier that can adapt to AC-3/DTS and stereo music
playback. It is powerful with 80W main channel and 15W centre surround sound.
2. Mixing input interface of AC-3/DTS, VCD and DVD and DBB and stereo output
interface.
3. 6-channel volume control and independent level control as well as 7-band EQ.
4. Bass Enhancer system, cyber logic and Hi-Fi playback.
5. One button for movie, music and karaoke.
6. Multiple EQ modes that adapt to different music styles.
7. Automatic spectrum analysis and compensation, automatic signal compensation.
8. Multiple spectrum display modes.
9. Complete karaoke function including microphone independent volume control,
overall volume control, pitch adjustment, voice compensation, delay and echo
adjustment as well as the newly added earphone output.
10. Karaoke wide sound field function.
11. Tuning function.
12. Intelligent protection of over-current and over-voltage.
Chapter Two Operating Principle
Section One Overall Structure
AV215T (RU) mainly consists of the following seven parts:
I. Volume Board: Select input signal source, cyber logic and bass enhancer.
II. Signal Processing Board: Karaoke signal processing and 5.1CH signal
amplification.
III. CPU Board: Overall control, frequency point gating, automatic circuit search.
IV. Control Panel: LCD display, remote control keyboard and backlight display.
V. Power Panel and Protection Circuit: Provide operating voltage required by unit
circuits and overall protection.
VI. Power Amplifier Board: Power amplification of 5.1CH signal or analog signal.
VII. Tuner: Receive radio signal and send to amplifier for signal-processing.
Section Two Volume Board
AV215T (RU) has four input modes: Radio input, VCD, DVD and 5.1CH.
The cyber logic function of AV215T (RU) is to get C/SR/SL/SW track signals by sampling
from L/R track and then processing through low-pass filter and adder subtractor. Mode
switch is achieved by using electronic analog switch. The signal flow chart is as follows:
Tuner
CD405 L
VCD 2
R
Electronic OUT
DVD switch N106
5.1CH N101 M62446
N104B
N104A
N107B
N105B
N105A
N107A
SWIN
S-C
C CD
S-SR
4053
SR S-SL Electro
nic
SL
switch
N108B
CD
S-C DISPLY
4053
SW Electro
nic
switch
N103
I.
Input selection and sound field processing mode
The input selection of AV215T (RU) is achieved via electronic switches CD4052
and CD4053, the truth tables of which are as follows:
CD4052 Truth Table CD4053 Truth Table
Tuner VCD DVD 5.1 A X B Y C Z
A 0 0 1 1 0 X0 0 Y0 0 Z0
B 0 1 0 1 1 X1 1 Y1 1 Z1
5.1CH input mode: Now A/B/5.1CH control pins of M62446 are of high level. L/R
track signal of 5.1 input is outputted from pin 3/13 of N101 and sent to IC N106 for
volume and tone adjustment; meanwhile, C/SR/SL signal on 5.1 input terminal is
respectively sent from pin 14/15/4 output of N410 to IC N106 for independent
volume adjustment. And SW signal is outputted via pin 4 of N103 and then send to
M62446 after being amplified by N107A.
Three analog input modes: AV215T (RU) totally has three analog input modes:
Tuner receiving signal/VCD/DVD, which are controlled via A/B signal respectively
(see details in truth tables).
AV215T (RU) totally has three sound field modes: standard sound field, cyber logic
and Hi-Fi.
1. Standard sound field: Under overall CPU control, when bass enhancer is off, L/R
channel and subwoofer output are available; when bass enhancer is on, only L/R
channel output is available.
2. Hi-fi: Under overall CPU control, only L/R tracks output is available to M62446;
3. Cyber logic:
Pin 9/10 of electronic switch N101 (CD4052) select a series of analog L/R track
input signals according to the truth table. L/R signals are outputted from pin 13/3
via the internal electronic switch of N101, and divided into two ways. One way is
respectively sent into pin 13/15 of M62446, for electronic volume and tone control.
The other way produces SW/S-SR/S-SL/S-C signals via buffer, adder-subtractor
and low-pass filter. SW/S-SR/S-SL signals are sent to pin 12/2/5 of N102. N102
select cyber logic signal input (see truth table of CD4053) from cyber logic and
5.1CH signals, outputs C/SR/SL signals and sends into pin 11/8/9 of M62446 for
volume control. Still another way of SW signal directly sends to pin 6 of M62446
after being outputted from N107A. 5.1CH signal sent into M62446 is outputted
from pin 31-36 after volume and tone control, and then outputted to signal board
by XS20 power distributor.
The relation between sound sources in input circuit and sound processing modes is as
illustrated below.
II. Control circuit
Pin 23/26/27 of CPU (N100) output data, PVST and clock signal and send to pin
39/40/41 of M62446 to control pin 1/2/3/4 of M62446 to output control level, so as to
select input signal and spectrum sampling signal. It is worth noting that PVST signal
is a latch control signal. When data and clock of CPU are sent to M62446, an
identification signal will be added, indicating that this signal can only be used by
M62446 while other IC of I2C bus cannot use current data and clock signal.
Hi-fi L/R channel output only. Sound
mode filed and EQ setup not available.
Standard L/R/SW output only. Concert
Two analog
sound hall sound filed and EQ setup
input modes
Press INPUT field available
button to
circularly Cyber 6CH output. Theater sound filed
select logic and EQ setup available
5.1 input
6CH output. Theater sound filed
mode
and EQ setup available
III. Frequency spectrum sampling circuit
Only S-C/S-SR/S-SL/SW signals are sampled during frequency spectrum sampling in
AV215T RU and added to pin 14 via a 150K sampling resistance. Another S-C cyber logic
signal is added to pin 1 of N103, called S-C. 5.1CH and LR-T of M62446 select sampling
signals. When cyber logic is selected, the control signal of 5.1CH is of low level while pin
9/11 of N103 is of low level. According to the truth table, it is known that the outputs are
X0/Z0. Sampling signal is grounded while LR-T is of H level. Select Y1, S-C signal is
outputted from pin 15 of N103 to N108B, adding to OK-R signal for the amplification of
frequency spectrum signal, and then sent to frequency point gating and auto search circuits.
. Tuning function
This device has the tuning function which provides users a good functional option. It
directly controls radio-head and receives audio frequency signal mainly via CPU and then
outputs after amplified via power amplifier. The clock and data line of radio-head are
shared with LM62446 and the other two control lines are connected to CPU directly. L, R
signal processed by radio-head can be sent to N101 IC CD4052 directly to input the
selected track.
Section Three Signal Processing Board
The signal processing board superposes, mixes and amplifies 5.1CH signal sent from the
volume board, voice signals from the voice board and karaoke signal.
I. AV215T RU Karaoke Circuit
1. Function: this circuit processes human voice through power amplifier and
reproduces it via speaker. It includes human voice beautification circuit, wide sound field
processing circuit, karaoke echo and delay adjusting circuit.
IC and its functions for karaoke
IC serial Name of IC Functions
number
N201 4558 Transmittal. Preamplification for karaoke signal
N200 PT2315 Volume control of karaoke, including tone control
N205 CD4053 Electronic switch
N209 PT2399 Karaoke echo processing
N207 CD4051 Karaoke delay adjustment
N208 CD4051 Karaoke echo control
N204 4558 Phase inverter
PT2315 functional pin
S/N Name of pin Description Remarks
1 REF Reference voltage (1/2VDD)
2 VDD Power supply
3 AGND Analog
4 TREB L
L/R channel treble control pins
5 TREB R
6 RIN R channel input
7 LOUD-R R channel loudness control pin
9 LOUD-L L channel loudness control pin
11 LIN L channel input
12 BIN L L channel bass control input/output
13 BOUT L pin
14 BIN R R channel bass control input/output
15 BOUT R pin
16 RFOUT R channel output
17 LFOUT L channel output
18 DGND Digital
19 DATA DATA control data of sequence
transmission (DATA)
20 LCK Clock input of sequence
transmission
8 10 NC Not connected
. Flow chart of karaoke signal
MIC
N200 N202 N203B N209
N205
N201 N204
B
Pass
N202 N207
A
N100 Karaoke
N208
V200 mixed output
CP
When the microphone is inserted, MIC signal is sent via MIC to the transmittal circuit
combined by N201A for amplification. Amplified MIC signal gives CPU a MIC
identification signal after N202A amplification, followed by VD201 rectification and
filtering control triode V200. CPU sends PKM signal, which is of low level, causing cutoff
of triode V103/V105 and enabling output of MIC signal; another way reaches pin 6/11 of
PT2315 after C219/C222 coupling, outputs from pin 16/17 after internal volume and tone
control, mixed into one way and sent to N202B and then reversely send to N203B for
amplification. Signals amplified by N203B are divided into two ways. One way is directly
outputted. The other way is outputted from pin 14 after being coupled by R222/C247 to
PT2399 for internal delayed reverberation adjustment, reversed by N204 and outputted by
mixing with karaoke signal. While OK-R is outputted from pin 14 after being gated by
N205 and superposed to L/R track.
In this circuit, the bass boost network made up of triode V201 connected to the
negative terminal of N202B is primarily for bass boost of 75HZ low frequency signal.
During delay adjustment for PT2399, first control signal is given to CPU, which
controls N207 after being expanded via N211 IC CD4049 and connects with pin 6 of
PT2399 by selecting different resistance values for purpose of delay adjustment.
Reverberation control is to change the resistance value at the connection point to R229,
so as to change the superposition on through connect signal for reverberation control.
The broadband processing control signal of SOK's karaoke is in broadband mode
when it is of high level, when the signal of OK-R is the OK signal inverted by N204A.
A sense signal of OK-SW on the MIC plug conducts MIC signal detection together
with the network made up of V200. When MIC is not plugged, it is of low signal; when
plugged, it is of high signal.
Karaoke auto mute is also available. When P-KT fails to detect signal for a continuous
time, CPU will send a P-KM signal to mute karaoke and avoid MIC receiving noise, which
may affect on sound effect.
Signal flow chart of profiles
AV215T (RU) has a special function that switching between 5 profiles is available
without karaoke. Its flow chart is as follows:
N204
A
N209
N205 N203
N204
B
B
Mixed output
N207
N208
CD4094
When pin 9/10 are of high level, sampled L/R/C signals are outputted via pin 3 N205
gating, and sent to the internal of PT2399 after amplification by N203B for reverberation
delay adjustment (by IC CD4049), and then superposed to L/R/C track to form different
profiles.
In this circuit, MIC shall not be inserted and is only available in 5.1CH mode. N203A
is for the purpose of reversal.
In addition, this device is added earphone output function. PHSW is low level and
each track has output when earphone is not inserted. But when earphone is inserted, PHSW
will be high level for the mechanical settings thus LRM and SCM signal change into high
level at the same time and realize muting in each track, so the signal is only outputted from
earphone, i.e. there is no signal output with each track when connecting with earphone
output.
II. Bass enhancer circuit
P-BURST is the switch signal of burst driver. When it is of high level and added to the
base electrode of V102, V102 will be switched into conduction. When the collector
electrode outputs low level, V107 will be cut off; when the collector electrode is of low
level, V107 will also be cut off. SW signal is normally outputted to external terminal.
Meanwhile, the high level signal of P-BURST is added to the emitter electrode of V108.
V108 is positively biased and switched into conduction. The collector electrode adds high
level to the base electrode of V101. V101 is positively biased and switched into conduction,
and ground SW signal, not superposing it to L/R track signal.
In reverse, when P-BURST is of high level, V100 will be switched into conduction and
SWM signal cannot be outputted from external terminal. Meanwhile, V101 is cut off and
SW signal is superposed to L/R track signal.
The burst driver of AV215T (RU) can be divided into three steps. This principle is to
change the volume of burst driver by changing the SW output volume of M62446.
Meanwhile, SWM signal is added to relay via XS9. When the relay is off, SW signal will
be grounded, disabling the output at super bass port.
III. Mixing and amplification circuit of 5.1 signal and karaoke
When L/R track signal of 5.1 signal is superposed with SW signal and amplified by
N101B/N100B, it is sent to the reverse phases of N101A/N100A. Meanwhile, OK-R/OK-L
signals are also respectively added to the reverse phases of N101A/N100A. After mixing
and amplification by N101A/N100A, they are outputted respectively from pin 1 of
N100A/N101A to power amplification circuit for power amplification.
Meanwhile, the C-1 signal sent by volume board is added to the reverse phase of pin 6 of
N102B and added to the reverse phase of N102A after amplification. Now C1-1 signal after
electronic reverberation processing is also added to the reverse phase of N102A and sent to
power amplification circuit after mixing and amplification.
SR-1/SL-1 of another volume board is also added to the reverse phases of N103B and
N104B for amplification and then sent to N103A and N104A for further amplification, and
later sent to power amplification circuit.
One way of 5.1 signal being mixed and amplified is sent to power amplification circuit
passing through XS9, and the other way forms DIST (distortion error detecting signal)
signal passing through R111-R113/R142/R145/VD100-VD104, which will be added to
CPU for automatic gain, so as to control volume output.
Section Four CPU Board
Achieve overall control, automatically search input signal and analyze spectrum
1. CPU Overall Control
N100, the overall CPU, is the overall control center, inputting all kinds of control
instructions to controlled circuits to achieve all kinds of control functions. It adopts +5V
supply with pin 40 as its supply pin. Pin 18 and pin 19 connect externally with 12M crystal
oscillator to provide working clock frequency for itself. Pin 9 is its reset pin. When starting,
+5V charges C106 via R100. The voltage of two ends of capacitance cannot be mutated,
thus B-pole of triode V100 is low level, that is, V100 conduction gives a high-level reset
signal to CPU. When capacitance C106 finishes charge, V100 stops and then reset finishes.
The form of this reset circuit is to reset high level and keep low level.
When the machine is working, the static information of start log in the screen and
Chinese characters are stored in CPU internal static memory. N101, a status memory, can
record the current working status of machine when cutting off and show the status when
next starting up, avoiding users to re-adjust. The sound mode set by users is also stored in it
and can be activated when necessary.
. Detect Input Signal and Automatically Search Circuits
DISPLAY signal from volume board is sent to N103A to amplify and limit level, then
sent to inverse end of voltage comparator N103B after capacitance coupling. It inputs from
pin 7 of N103B and then is sent to pin 16 of CPU via VD103, V101, R109 and R107.
When N103B inputs a high level, VD103 is in reverse cut-off status, B-pole of switch tube
V101 is high level and is in conducting status, then gets an about +5V high level (signal
input) to CPU after VD101's stabilization and stop searching. When the output end of
N103B outputs a low level, VD103 is in conducting status, B-pole of switching tube V101
is low level and is in cut-off status, and then CPU detects the low level (no signal input). Its
working principles are:
After starting up, under CPU internal program's control, a data signal is outputted via
pin 23 to M62446, and then M62446 scans each input port of N101, N102 and N103 by
emitting high and low levels. When the input ports have no signal input, it automatically
becomes standby status. When any of ports has signal input, track paths of input N101,
N102 and N103 has A/C signal which is amplified and limited level by N108B and N103A
of CPU board, then compares with pin 5 of N103B and gets plus-minus level close to
supply power. The co-phase voltage of N103B is about 0.1V. After the direct current
voltage is over 0.1V, the output end of N103B outputs low level is close to negative-power
voltage, VD103 positive-bias conducts, switch tube V101 (S9014) stops, emitter outputs a
low level to pin 16 of CPU which by controlling IC M62446 makes search level lock on the
port through which signal inputs, to enter normal play.
When pressing "search" key of remote controller, it is converted from optical signal to
electric signal by the remote receiving head of panel. Pin 14 of CPU emits a high level to
conduct V102 and search according to the same previous process.
. Spectrum Analysis Circuit (see the following illustration)
Spectrum analysis circuit is divided into three parts:
N105C 35HZ
N108
DISPLAY +
. 134HZ
300HZ
CD4051 }
N104 3
1KHZ CPU
CD4051
2.2KHZ Frequency-
Gain
point gating
adjustment 6.3KHZ
3
of
N102B 16KHZ
automatic
spectrum CPU 7-segment
band-pass filter
N102A
-
V105 Pin 12 of CPU
+
+5V V103 . V104 Pin 28 of CPU
A/D conversion
1. Automatic spectrum gain adjustment circuit: To avoid two situations that spectrum
display amplitude is too low when input signal is too weak or spectrum display is in full
screen when input signal is too strong, AV215T (RU) sets automatic spectrum gain
adjustment circuit, using a single-track one-from-eight electronic analog switch, its true
value diagram is as follows:
Its main working principle is to change the value of inverse ground resistance of transmittal
N104 to change the transmittal gain multiple. Let's see the detailed work of the whole
circuit. We've referred that spectrum analysis signal source (display) is sent to the co-phase
input end of transmittal N105C to amplify. Its amplification factor is determined by the
value of the resistance connecting with the electronic switch of its inverse end N104. When
CD4051Truth Table
X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
the main volume is large, CPU will automatically increase the value of ground resistance
and decrease the amplification factor; when the main volume is small, CPU will
automatically decrease the value of ground resistance and increase the amplification factor.
2. Frequency-point gating circuit: signal amplified by N105C is sent via C115 coupling
to seven band-pass filters composed of transmittals. By setting its capacity of feedback
capacitance, its frequency-band range can be determined. The frequency value of
superscript of the output points is the central frequency-point of the frequency band. The
output end of each band-pass filter is connected with a half-wave rectifier circuit. The
amplified A/C signal is rectified to direct current. The circuit is mainly to achieve
frequency-point sample. It can display the amplitude of all frequency-points of the whole
sound signal via direct-current voltage. If the low frequency of sound signal is stronger, the
current voltage of output end of 35HZ and 100HZ band-pass filter is higher. When high
frequency is stronger, the current voltage of 10K and 16K band-pass filter is higher. The
output ends of the seven band-pass filter are connected with the seven input ends of
electronic switch N108 (CD4051). These electronic switches will quickly circularly-switch
among frequency points (referring to previous true value diagram). Pin 3 output end of
N108 will output a string voltage value representing frequency point signal amplitude (see
next diagram).
Note: The voltage amplitude
in diagram is uncertain.
V
1KHZ
100HZ 10KHZ
35HZ 300HZ 16KHZ
3KHZ 35HZ
T
Frequency-point circle
gating period
3. A/D conversion and output circuit display (two situations):
1. When no signal input, pin 28 of CPU sends a high level to B-pole of V104. The positive
end of N102B is low voltage, the inverse end of N102B gets partial voltage of R189 and
R172, making N102B output a low level, that is, triode V105 stops and C-pole of V105
will give a high level to pin 12 of CPU to let CPU not conduct AD conversion (pin 6/7/8 of
CPU are inactive and keep high level).
V V
Discharge of high level
100HZ
35HZ
35HZ 100HZ
T
T
(Fig 6)
Interval of switch Time for charge Time for charge
2. When the machine has detected the signal (the inverse end of N102B has a current
voltage representing 35HZ signal amplitude), pin 28 of CPU is converted into low level
and +5V voltage charges for C137 via V103. When reaching the voltage value of inverse
end, the comparator converts and N102B outputs high level. Once CPU receives
low-level signal, it stops 35HZ level gating and converts into next frequency point
100HZ. During conversion, pin 28 of CPU outputs an instant high level to conduct V104,
leak the voltage capacity of C137 and make the co-phase end of N102B restart to charge
100HZ from 0-level. When the charge of 100HZ finishes, the charge and discharge of
next frequency point begin, and such process occurs circularly under the control of CPU.
The charge time form 0-level to the occurrence of output conversion represents the
signal amplitude of current frequency point--the larger the amplitude, the longer the
time and the amplitude displaying in screen is higher; the smaller the amplitude, the
shorter the time and the amplitude displaying in screen is lower. Digital pulse outputted
from N102B output end is added by V105's inverse to pin 12 of CPU which handle it
and output to panel to display dynamic frequency in screen. The display of original
frequency points is sequential. However, the above circular process is extremely quick,
thus, what we see in screen is the progress of the whole spectrum displaying
synchronously.
Section Five Control Panel
The panel control circuit is the window for man-machine interaction. It can communicate
the operation command with CPU to finish kinds of artificial operations. At the same time,
it is the window of the complete machine by which human can predominate the complete
machine's working status. It is also an important element to its appearance. The AV215T
RU panel control circuit block diagram are showed as follows:
LCD display
Drive circuit Power supply
Button
CPU Remote-control
(1) Power supply circuit
1. AV215T (RU) has two groups of voltage of +3.3V and +5V in control panel.
Voltage of +5V after voltage stabilization from signal panel supply power to N102,
N103, IC CD4013 and N101 PT2222 after voltage reduction via two diodes of
VD105 VD106 VD107 VD108.
(2) LCD display driver and button circuit
This circuit is made up of N101, N102, N103 and LCD.
Working principle: display of this device is directly controlled by P0 interface of CPU
and IC is bound inside of LCD. Working voltage of display is 3.3V and voltage of
control line sent out from CPU is 5V, so the level between CPU and LCD display is
transferred via two ICs of 74VHC245 thus control the display screen by transferring
control level of 5V from CPU to 3.3V.
Button circuit of this device is an equivalent to remote controller. After being
received by PT 2222, signal of button matrix controls the conducting degree of triode
V100 via pin 7 thus makes the signal sent by diode VD100 of infrared luminescent and
processed by CPU after being received by receiver of remote controller.
Section Six Power Board
It is used for providing all kinds of needed working voltage for units of the whole
machine. AV215T (RU) adopts a ring transformer with 335W power. The middle and
surround channel of AV215T (RU) respectively adopt LM1875 and LM1876.
LM1876, the dual-channel power amplification IC, supplies power by separate
positive power, ensuring there is high separating degree between two surrounds. It
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