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                                                                                                         05-1265
                                          DIAGNOSTICS     -    NAVIGATION SYSTEM
                                                                                                           05FG4-04


IDENTIFICATION OF NOISE SOURCE
1.    Radio Description
(a)   Radio frequency band
      (1) Radio Broadcasts use the radio frequency bands shown in the table below.

  Frequency                30 kHz               300 kHz             3 MHz            30 MHz            300 MHz

  Designation                           LF                     MF               HF               VHF

                                                          AM                                  FM
  Radio wave

  Modulation                                       Amplitude modulation                   Frequency modulation

LF: Low Frequency
MF: Medium Frequency
HF: High Frequency
VHF: Very High Frequency




                                                (b)   Service area
                                                      (1) The service areas of the AM and FM broadcasts are
                                                            vastly different. Even if an AM broadcast has clear
                                                            reception, an FM broadcast originating in the same
                                                            location may not be received at all.
        FM (Stereo)                                         The service area of FM stereo broadcasts is small,
           FM (Monaural)                                    and static as well as interference (noise) easily en-
                     AM                                     ters the signal.
                                       BE2818




 2005 SIENNA REPAIR MANUAL (RM1163U)

                                                                     Author :           Date :             1448
05-1266
                                           DIAGNOSTICS          -   NAVIGATION SYSTEM

(c) Radio reception problems
HINT:
In addition to static, other problems such as "phasing", "multipath", and "fade out" exist. These problems are
not caused by electrical noise, but by the radio signal propagation method itself.


 Phasing:       Ionosphere                                (1)       Phasing
                                                                    The AM frequency band reflects off the earth's iono-
                                                                    sphere at night. When this occurs, the reflected sig-
                                                                    nal may interfere with the direct signal sent by the
                                                                    same transmitter. This phenomenon is known as
                                                                    "phasing".



                                       BE2819




 Multipath:                                               (2)       Multipath
                                                                    A radio signal can sometimes be reflected by an ob-
                                                                    struction in its path. When this occurs, the reflected
                                                                    signal may interfere with the direct signal sent from
                                                                    the transmitter. This phenomenon is known as "Mul-
                                                                    tipath".



                                       BE2820




 Fade Out:                                                (3)       Fade out
                                                                    FM radio frequency is higher than AM. Therefore, it
                                                                    is more likely to be reflected by large obstructions
                                                                    such as tall buildings or mountains. For this reason,
                                                                    the FM signal will gradually weaken or disappear
                                                                    when the vehicle is behind such obstructions. This
                                                                    phenomenon is known as "fade out".

                                       BE2821



(d)   Noise problem
      It is very important for a technician to understand the specifics of the noise problem. To diagnose the
      symptom, use the table below.
          Radio Frequency                    Noise occurrence condition                                Presumable cause
AM                                Noise occurs in a specified area                     Foreign noise
                                                                                       An identical program transmitted from multiple
                                  Noise occurs when listening to an intermittent
AM                                                                                     towers can cause noise where the signals over-
                                  broadcast
                                                                                       lap
AM                                Noise occurs only at night                           Music beat from a far-off broadcast
                                                                                       Multipath or phasing noise resulting from a
FM                                Noise occurs while driving in a specified area
                                                                                       change in FM frequency

HINT:
If the noise does not fall into any category in the table above, determine the cause using "Radio reception
problems" above. Refer to the multipath and phasing sections.


 2005 SIENNA REPAIR MANUAL (RM1163U)

                                                                            Author :                     Date :                      1449



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