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IN-30    INTRODUCTION     -   HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
                              SYSTEMS
                                                                              IN05X-32


                 HOW TO USE THE DIAGNOSTIC
                 CHART AND INSPECTION
                 PROCEDURE
                 1.     CONNECTOR CONNECTION AND TERMINAL IN-
                        SPECTION
                  S     For troubleshooting, diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
                        charts or problem symptom table are provided for each
        FI0046          circuit with detailed inspection procedures in this manual.
                  S     When component parts, wire harnesses and connectors
                        of each circuit are found to be normal in troubleshooting,
                        the problem is most likely in the ECU. Accordingly, if diag-
                        nosis is performed without the problem symptoms occur-
                        ring, refer to Step 8 to replace the ECU. Always confirm
                        that the problem symptoms are occurring, or proceed with
                        inspection while using the symptom simulation method.
                  S     The instructions "Check wire harness and connector" and
                        "Check and replace ECU" which appear in the inspection
        FI0047          procedure are common and applicable to all DTCs. Fol-
                        low the procedure outlined below whenever these
                        instructions appear.
                 OPEN CIRCUIT:
                 An open circuit could result from a disconnected wire harness,
                 a faulty contact in the connector, a connector terminal pulled
                 out, etc.
                 HINT:
                  S     A wire is rarely broken in its middle. Most problems occur
                        at the wire ends. Carefully check the connectors of sen-
        FI0048          sors and actuators.
                  S     Faulty contacts could be due to rusting, contamination,
                        and/or deformation of connector terminals. In some
                        cases: 1) simply disconnecting and reconnecting the con-
                        nectors will fix the problem, or 2) even though no ab-
                        normality is found in the wire harness or connector, the
                        problem disappears after the check (meaning the cause
                        was most likely in the wire harness or connectors).
                 SHORT CIRCUIT:
                 A short circuit could result from contact between the wire har-
                 ness and the body ground or a short circuiting switch.
                 HINT:
                 When there is a short circuit between the wire harness and body
                 ground, check thoroughly if wire harness is caught in the body
                 or is clamped properly.
                                      INTRODUCTION    -   HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED             IN-31
                                                          SYSTEMS

                                              2.    CONNECTOR HANDLING
                                              When inserting tester probes into a connector, insert them from
                                              the rear of the connector. When necessary, use mini test leads.
                                              For water resistant connectors which cannot be accessed from
                                              behind, take good care not to deform the connector terminals.




                                     FI7187




Sensor Side                                   3.    CONTINUITY CHECK (OPEN CIRCUIT CHECK)
                          ECU Side            (a)   Disconnect the connectors at both ECU and sensor
                                                    sides.
                                              (b)   Measure the resistance between the applicable terminals
                                                    of the connectors.
                                                    Resistance: Below 1 
                                              HINT:
                                              Measure the resistance while lightly shaking the wire harness
                                     IN0379   vertically and horizontally.

               ECU Side


 Sensor Side




                                     IN0378




               ECU Side                       4.    RESISTANCE CHECK (SHORT CIRCUIT CHECK)
                                              (a)   Disconnect the connectors on both ends.
                                              (b)   Measure the resistance between the applicable terminals
 Sensor Side                                        of the connectors and body ground. Be sure to carry out
                                                    this check on the connectors on both ends.
                                                    Resistance: 10 k or higher
                                              HINT:
                                              Measure the resistance while lightly shaking the wire harness
                                     IN0380   vertically and horizontally.

                                              5.    VISUAL CHECK AND CONTACT PRESSURE CHECK
                                              (a)   Disconnect the connectors at both ends.
                                              (b)   Check for rust or foreign material, etc. in the terminals of
                                                    the connectors.
                            Pull Lightly      (c)   Check crimped portions for looseness or damage and
                                                    check that the terminals are secured in the lock portion.
                  Looseness of Crimping
                                              HINT:
                                              The terminals should not come out when pulled lightly from the
                                     IN0381   back.
IN-32                                           INTRODUCTION     -   HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
                                                                     SYSTEMS

                                                        (d)    Prepare a test male terminal and insert it in the female ter-
                                                               minal, then pull it out.
                                                        NOTICE:
                                                        When testing a gold-plated female terminal, always use a
                                                        gold-plated male terminal.
                                                        HINT:
                                                        If a test terminal is pulled out more easily than others, there may
                                                        be poor contact in that section.



 Fig. 1                                                 6.    CHECK OPEN CIRCUIT
                                              ECU       For an open circuit in the wire harness in Fig. 1, perform a conti-
          C      OPEN        B           A              nuity check (step (a) below) or a voltage check (step (b) below).
 Sensor
               1     1       1           1
               2     2       2           2




                                               Z17004



 Fig. 2                                                 (a)   Check the continuity.
                                                              (1) Disconnect connectors A and C and measure the
                                                                  resistance between them.
                                              ECU
                                                                  In the case of Fig. 2:
                C                   A
 Sensor                  B                                        Between terminal 1 of connector A and terminal 1
                  1          1     1
                2            2       2                            of connector C  10 k or higher (open)
                                                                  Between terminal 2 of connector A and terminal 2
                                                                  of connector C  Below 1 
                                               Z17005             An open circuit exists in the wire harness between
                                                                  terminal 1 of A and terminal 1 of C.
Fig. 3                                                        (2) Disconnect connector B and measure the resis-
                                                                  tance between the connectors.
                                              ECU                 In the case of Fig. 3:
                                                                  Between terminal 1 of connector A and terminal 1
 Sensor
                                                                  of connector B1  Below 1 
           C    B2                B1      A                       Between terminal 1 of connector B2 and terminal 1
           1     1                1      1                        of connector C  10 k or higher (open)
          2       2              2        2                       An open circuit exists in the wire harness between
                                               B04722             terminal 1 of B2 and terminal 1 of C.
                                         INTRODUCTION     -   HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED             IN-33
                                                              SYSTEMS


Fig. 4                                           (b)   Check the voltage.
                                                       In a circuit in which voltage is applied to the ECU connec-
                                                       tor terminal, an open circuit can be checked by conduct-
            0V             5V                          ing a voltage check.
   Sensor                   A
            C    5V B              5V                         As shown in Fig. 4, with each connector still con-
               1        1 1                                   nected, measure the voltage between body ground
             2        2     2
                                                              and terminal 1 of connector A at the ECU 5V output
                                                              terminal, terminal 1 of connector B, and terminal 1
                                        Z17007                of connector C (in that order).
                                                 Example results:
                                                 5V: Between Terminal 1 of connector A and Body Ground
                                                 5V: Between Terminal 1 of connector B and Body Ground
                                                 0V: Between Terminal 1 of connector C and Body Ground
                                                 In the above example, an open circuit is in the wire harness be-
                                                 tween terminal 1 of B and terminal 1 of C.




Fig. 5                                           7.     CHECK SHORT CIRCUIT
                                                 If the wire harness is shorted (Fig. 5), locate the section by con-
            C SHORT B          A                 ducting a resistance check with ground below.
             1     1           1
             2      2          2




                                        Z17008



Fig. 6                                           Check the resistance with ground.
                                                     (1) Disconnect connectors A and C and measure the
                                                            resistance between terminals 1 and 2 of connector
                                   ECU                      A and body ground.
              C      B    A                                 In the case of Fig. 6:
   Sensor
             1       1    1                                 Between terminal 1 of connector A and body
             2        2    2
                                                            ground  Below 1  (short)
                                                            Between terminal 2 of connector A and body
                                        Z17009              ground  10 k or higher
                                                            A short circuit is between terminal 1 of connector A
                                                            and terminal 1 of connector C.
IN-34                                   INTRODUCTION        -   HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT ECU CONTROLLED
                                                                SYSTEMS


Fig. 7                                                (2)    Disconnect connector B and measure the resis-
                                                             tance between terminal 1 of connector A and body
                                                             ground, and terminal 1 of connector B2 and body
                                                             ground.
                                      ECU
            C     B2        B1    A                          In the case of Fig. 7:
 Sensor
            1      1        1    1                           Between terminal 1 of connector A and body
            2       2       2    2                           ground  10 k or higher
                                                             Between terminal 1 of connector B2 and body
                                      Z17808                 ground  Below 1  (short)
                                                             A short circuit is between terminal 1 of connector B2
                                                             and terminal 1 of connector C.
                                                8.     CHECK AND REPLACE ECU
                                                First check the ECU ground circuit. If it is faulty, repair it. If it is
                                                normal, the ECU could be faulty. Replace the ECU with a func-
                                                tioning one and check if the symptoms occur.
                                                If the trouble symptoms stop, replace the ECU.




                                                      (1)  Measure the resistance between the ECU ground
 Example
                                                           terminal and the body ground.
                                                      Resistance: Below 1 
         Ground




                                       IN0383



                                                      (2)       Disconnect the ECU connector. Check for bent
 ECU Side
                                                                ground terminals (on the ECU side and the wire har-
                                                                ness side). Lastly, check the contact pressure.
                   Ground
 W/H Side


 Ground
                                       IN0384



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