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CERN                                  Project ID        LHC                 Doc. Creator           Miguel Cerqueira Bastos
CH-1211 Geneva 23                     Sub-Proj. ID      -                   EDMS Doc.              1070495
Switzerland                           Equip. Code       -                   Doc Rev. / Rev. Date   1.0 / 2009-01-25

       TE-EPC
       Power Converter Group                                   Equipment Description



                                          The LHC DS22 bit ADC


  The LHC high precision current measurement chain

The main power converters in LHC require an unprecedented level of accuracy in the control of current to the
superconducting magnets, in the order of ~10-6.

The power converter output current accuracy is mainly determined by the DCCT (Direct Current Current Transducer)
and ADC (Analogue-Digital Converter) employed.

There are three types of ADCs used in the LHC: a 16 bit Delta Sigma and a 16 bit SAR, both included in the power
converters' digital controller electronics (FGC) and, in the case of the main and inner triplet power converters, a 22 bit
delta sigma standalone unit.



  Introduction to Delta sigma converters

The ADC employed in the digital regulation loops for the LHC requires high resolution and accurate digitization of low
frequency waveforms. Since the ADC can be one of the major sources of error in the magnet current, along with the
current transducer, its performance largely determines the overall accuracy which can be obtained. The potential of the
Delta-Sigma method to deliver ppm performance determined the choice of this method for the LHC.
The simplified block diagram of a first order Delta sigma ADC is shown in Fig.1.




                                   Fig. 1 

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